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Bio 330 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell cycles stages

A 
M phase (PMAT) 
- mitosis (nuclear division)
- cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division) 
Interphase between m phases
- G1 phase (cell growth) 
- S phase (DNA replication) 
- G2 phase (more growth) 
Back to mitosis
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2
Q

Mitosis

A

Nuclear division (exact copy)

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3
Q

Meiosis

A

Cytokinesis and cell splitting (sex cells)

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4
Q

Interphase needs how much time?

A

long enough for the cell to double in size, so replications don’t reduce overall amount.

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5
Q

Cell cycle is dependent activated on…

A

cyclically activated protein kinases (Cdks)

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6
Q

How do cyclins function?

A

No enzymatic activity of their own, but they bind cdks to activate them

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7
Q

Kinesin

A

motor protein moving vesicles to + end of microtubules

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8
Q

Dynein

A

Opposite of Kinesin

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9
Q

How do vesicles reverse direction?

A

Multiple motor proteins can be attached at once (Kinesin + Dynein). Reversals can happen when some detach or others take over

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10
Q

ion channel coupled receptors

A

cell surface receptor

-

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11
Q

G-protein coupled receptor

A

Cell surface receptor

- responds to extra-cellular signal pathways

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12
Q

Enzyme coupled receptors

A

cell surface receptor

- responds to extra-cellular signal pathways

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13
Q

G-protein

A
  • regulate ion channels and plasma enzymes

- binds gtp and hydrolyzes to act as signal switch. signal then shut down

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14
Q

Cell cycle control system

A

state based checks to ensure the conditions are favorable to continue

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15
Q

What is a kinase?

A

enzyme to catalyze tranfer of phosphate groups

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16
Q

RTK

A
  • signaling molecule attaches to signaling binding site
  • this causes dimer formation from monomers
  • activated tyrosine regions allow phosphorylation of dimer
  • phosphate will be taken from ATP
  • relay proteins attach to phosphorylated Tyr to begin signal transduction pathway
17
Q

Basic signal transduction pathway

A

Receptor (G protein)
transduction
secondary messenger (cAMP)
target cells

18
Q

Haploid v Diplod

A 
haploid = sperm, n = 23
diploid = zygote, n = 46
19
Q

Prophase

A

(Prepare)
nucleolus dissolves
condense and separate
form the spindle

20
Q

Metaphase

A

(Meet)

alignment in plate

21
Q

Anaphase

A

(Apart)

chromatids separate towards poles

22
Q

Telophase

A

(The end)
New nuclear envelope forms
chromosomes unfold back to chromatin

23
Q

Chromosome

A

two sister chromatids in symmetric x shape

centromere in middle

Bio 330 (1 decks)

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