Final

Question 1

o What is a group?

Answer 1

o A gathering of people who interact with one another for a common purpose

Question 2

o Group Interdependence

Answer 2

o Everything that one member does influences the whole group

Question 3

o Groupthink

Answer 3

o Occurs when members of a group are more concerned with getting a task done than getting it done right

Question 4

o Advantages and disadvantages of working in a group

Answer 4

o Advantages: sharing of work load, pooling of resources, bouncing ideas off one another, and the enjoyment and motivation of working with others
o Disadvantages: work distribution, scheduling around people’s schedules, hard to reach decisions and conflict can result

Question 5

o Group Synergy

Answer 5

o Positive end result of working with a group

Question 6

o Norms – explicit vs. implicit

Answer 6

o Expectations of behavior for how each member participates in a group
 Implicit: they are not directly stated but indirectly observed
 Explicit: when the expectations are communicated to the group

Question 7

o Task roles:

Answer 7

o Task roles: help the group to accomplish its goal or purpose
Initiator: helps the group by proposing ideas right away
 Information Seeker/ Giver: asks for ideas from others/shares opinion
 Organizer: keeps the group on task, organizes meetings and agendas
 Clarifier: asks questions to make sure everyone understands
 Elaborator: expands on ideas of others
 Evaluator: positively, yet critically, reflects on and offers value judgments on suggestions.

Question 8

o Relationship roles:

Answer 8

o Relationship roles: provide for the social needs of the group and serve to foster teamwork and collaboration
 Gatekeeper: sees that everyone is involved in an open discussion, encourages participation among all members, and helps to control the flow of conversation
 Harmonizer: helps to settle conflicts between members by maintaining peace within the group
 Tension Reliever: uses humor to relieve tension when conflict or deadlines loom
 Supporter: encourages positive feelings, consoles, and counsels other members.

Question 9

o Disruptive roles

Answer 9

o Disruptive roles: occur when individual group members put their needs above the group needs.
 Blocker: opposes ideas but offers no solutions
 Avoider: refuses to participate
 Credit Seeker: tries to take credit for other group member ideas or the work load of the whole group
 Distractor: tries to get the group off track by acting silly or talking off subject
 Dominator: monopolizes the discussion and prevents others from expressing their ideas, wants to do all of the work to make sure it is done “right”

Question 10

o List the six parts of the HURIER Mode

Answer 10

o Hearing: involves the physiological process of accurately receiving sounds, must focus attention and concentrate
o Understanding: involves thought process within us that requires reflection
o Remembering: requires a conscious effort on the part of the listener
o Interpreting: involves the ability to see a situation from another’s perspective
o Evaluating: we evaluate messages through our past experiences, attitudes and values
o Responding: what you do after you receive the message

Question 11

o Describe some barriers to listening

Answer 11

o Physical Distractions: external sources of interference (environment)
o Mental Distractions: when your mind wanders from the subject at hand (internal source of interference)
o Factual Distractions: occurs when we concentrate so hard on speaker’s message that we miss the main point (internal)
o Semantic Distractions: occur when we have an emotional response to particular words or concepts the speaker is presenting (internal)

Question 12

o What is Culture / Co-culture?

Answer 12

o Culture: made up of the values and beliefs learned by a group of people who share the same social heritage and traditions- a way of life that is learned over time
o Co-culture: cultures within a larger culture

Question 13

o What is Ethnocentrism?

Answer 13

o Placing value judgments on people because they are different from us
o We evaluate other cultures based on what we know about our own (values and beliefs)
o Unable to appreciate diversity
Thinking your culture is better than others.

Question 14

o What is Cultural Relativism?

Answer 14

o Judging another person’s culture by its own values and beliefs based
o Judging a culture by a higher standard

Question 15

o Causes of conflict?

Answer 15

o Occurs when individuals experience competing goals or ideas
o Way of avoiding groupthink
o People have different ideas and come from different perspectives
o Differences in information, beliefs, values, interests, and ideas
o Not enough resources to go around
o Result of a misunderstanding

Question 16

o Advantages of conflict?

Answer 16

o Desirable in the early stages of decision-making

Question 17

o List and define the five conflict styles?

Answer 17

o Avoidance: where the participant takes a “hands-off” approach and has a low concern for both people and results.
o Accommodation: highly person oriented but the participant gives in to the other person in the conflict—“have-it-your-way” approach
o Compromise: willingness to negotiate a solution that is acceptable for one party now, but will benefit the other party later—“have-it-your-way-for-now” approach, but “next time I get to choose” solution (middle for both people and results)
o Competing: has a “winner-take-all” approach.
o Collaboration: holds the highest concern for both people and results –“win-win” result as both parties are satisfied with the process

Question 18

o What is persuasion?

Answer 18

o A message that is intended to shape, reinforce, or change the responses of another or others

Question 19

o Claims of Fact

Answer 19

o Concerned with what is or is not true, what does or does not exist, what did or did not happen
o May focus on whether something did or did not happen in the past(past fact), whether something is true or not currently(present fact), or whether something will be true or not in the future(projection)

Question 20

o Claims of Value

Answer 20

o Concerns what you might consider to be right or wrong, moral or immoral, just or unjust, or good or bad.
o “capital punishment is justified”, “product testing on animals is inhumane”

Question 21

o Claims of Policy

Answer 21

o Concern what should be done, what law should be changed, or what policy should be followed
o Easily identified by the word should

Question 22

o Logos, Ethos, Pathos

Answer 22

o Logos: rational proofs you use to support the arguments
o Ethos: refers to credibility
o Pathos: refers to appeals to emotion

Question 23

o The fallacies – can you identify them?

Answer 23

o Ad hominem: argument against speaker instead of the argument presented (he’s an alcoholic so don’t listen to him)
o Bandwagon: “everyone’s doing it”
o Slippery slope: starts off factual but rushes to a dramatic chain of events
o False dilemma: saying there are only 2 options/solutions
o Appeal to authority: assumption that if an authority figure says something, it must be true
o Red herring: speaker introduces irrelevant information to mask the real issue (boyfriend wants to pick movie, but you bring up not getting a b-day present)

Question 24

• Why is communication important in a democracy?

Answer 24

o Voting, social movements, jury duty, civic duties

Question 25

• How can you be civically engaged at ISU?

Answer 25

o Civic engagement: doing more little things for the greater good (recycling)
o At ISU: Clubs, games, greeklife

Question 26

• Why do we communicate? (goal-directed)

Answer 26

o We create messages to accomplish personal, professional, or social goals
o Must be truthful, accurate, honest, and reasonable

Question 27

6 elements of the Toulmin Model!

Answer 27

1. claims: represents the assertion or point that a speaker advocates
2. evidence: (supporting material) is employed to substantiate a speaker’s claim and may take several forms including statistics, analogies, facts, examples, and testimony
3. evidence credibility statements: brief statements that establish the quality of the information you are using to support your ideas
4. warrants: provides the justification and reasoning to connect the evidence with your claim
5. qualifiers: admit exceptions and demonstrate that argumentation is not an exact science
6. rebuttals: not only states the other sides or counterarguments to your position, but also attacks them head on.