Final

Question 1

What is a constructor?

Answer 1

A constructor is a method that allows you to create objects from a class. You call the constructor by using the keyword new , followed by the name of the class, followed by any necessary parameters. Constructors are responsible for initializing the instance variables of the class.

Question 2

How do you instantiate an object?

Answer 2

Instantiating an object consists of defining an object reference—which will hold the address of the object in memory—and calling a special method of the class called a constructor, which has the same name as the class.

Question 3

What is default constructor?

Answer 3

A default constructor is a constructor which can be called with no arguments (either defined with an empty parameter list, or with default arguments provided for every parameter).

Question 4

What is a “copy” constructor?

Answer 4

A copy constructor is a special constructor for creating a new object as a copy of an existing object.

Question 5

What is an array?

Answer 5

An array is a sequence of variables with adjacent memory locations and of the same data type. The data type could be any primitive data type, such as int, float, double, byte, boolean, char, short, or long, or it could be a class.

Question 6

How do you access elements of an array?

Answer 6

An element is accessed using the array name and a subscript, called an index, which refers to the element’s position in the array.

Question 7

What is the difference between a Counter and an Accumulator?

Answer 7

Accumulators are used to keep a running total of numbers during successive passes through a loop, while a counter will be incremented by one and will be equal to the number of loop iterations

Question 8

What is an overloaded constructor?

Answer 8

A method can be overloaded by defining another method with the same name but a different signature, that is, with a different number of parameters or with parameters of different data types.

Question 9

What is the difference between a Static and a Non-Static method inJAVA language?

Answer 9

A “Static” method DOES NOT require instantiating an object to access it.A “Non Static” method requires instantiating an object to access it. Examples : Main and MATH methods

Question 10

Describe the Program Development Cycle?

Answer 10

1) Design a solution to a problem (design a program)
2) Implement the solution (code the program )
3) Test the solution (test the program)
4) Fix the solution (debug the program)

Question 11

What are the three basic operation in Boolean logic?

Answer 11

AND, OR, and NOT

Question 12

What type of errors can you have?

Answer 12

SYNTAX ERRORS – Violations of the programming language rules.

LOGIC ERRORS – Also called run-time or execution errors.
They are errors in the sequence of the instructions in the
program.

Question 13

What is instantiation?

Answer 13

The act of creating a new instance of an object.

Question 14

What are variables?

Answer 14

Variables are memory locations used to store data.

Question 15

What are parameters?

Answer 15

Parameters are values that are passed to another method when it is invoked by an event.

Question 16

What’s the difference between pre and post unary operator?

Answer 16

The prefix versions increment or decrement the variable first, then the new value of the variable is used in evaluating the expression. The postfix versions increment or decrement the variable after the old value of the variable is used in the expression

Question 17

What does the modulus % operator do?

Answer 17

In Java, the integer division (/) operator will calculate the quotient of the division, whereas the modulus (%) operator will calculate the remainder of the division.

Question 18

Scanner class

Answer 18

import java.util.Scanner;
Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in);
String arbitrary = scan.next ( );

Question 19

Random class

Answer 19

import java.util.Random;
Random random = new Random( );
int die = random.nextInt ( 6 ) + 1;

Question 20

List Steps of the Machine Cycle.

Answer 20

a) FETCH instruction
b) DECODE instruction
c) EXECUTE instruction
d) STORE instruction

Question 21

What is a Bit?

Answer 21

Bit- A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit has a single binary value, either 0 or 1.

Question 22

What are the three controls in any program?

Answer 22

Sequence, Selection, Iteration

Question 23

Know the logical way records are read from a file:

Answer 23

Open file, Primingread, Loop until EOF, second read in loop and Close file after loop.

Question 24

What is the difference between Procedural and Object Orientedprogramming?

Answer 24

A Procedural Language does NOT PERMIT to define OBJECTS.

Example: C Language, PASCAL
OO Language you can define objects using the Class construct.

Example: JAVA, C++

Question 25

DESIGN

Answer 25

``` Many different techniques are used to design methods in new software. Top-down development and modular design are most common. Tools include flowcharts, pseudo-code, storyboards, and Universal Modeling Language (UML). Flowchart – Pictorial representation of the sequence of instructions in a program. ``` Pseudo-code – English-like statements representing the sequence of instructions in a program.

Question 26

CODE

Answer 26

The program development cycle’s code phase includes translating a softwaredesign into a particular language, and then entering that language on the computer. The code is translated using an INTERPRETED or COMPILER INTERPRETED – Translates and Executes ONE instruction at a time. Example: BASIC Language ``` COMPILER – Translates ALL Instructions as a BLOCK and produces an EXECUTABLE file (.exe) ```

Question 27

TEST

Answer 27

Does the new method do what it is supposed to do? This is known as a testfor correctness. Tests for correctness measure whether the program meets the original specifications. A unit test checks to see if a method works as expected all by itself. An integration test checks to see if a method works in combination with other methods

Question 28

DEBUG

Answer 28

The causes of any problems discovered during testing need to be isolated. Here unit tests are most helpful. Once you know the cause, you can develop a plan for fixing the problem, modify the necessary methods, and then test again

Question 29

What does a switch statement look like?

Answer 29

Switch (variable to find) { case var1: System.out.print("this is sample output"); break; case var2: System.out.print("this is more sample output"); break; case var3: System.out.print("starting to get it? sample sample"); break; default: System.out.print("this like else in if statement"); break; }

Question 30

What is a Byte?

Answer 30

A byte is a unit of data that is eight bits long. A byte is the unit most computers use to represent a character such as a letter, number, or typographic symbol (for example, "g", "5", or "?").

Question 31

What is ASCII?

Answer 31

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the most common format for text files in computers and on the Internet. In an ASCII file, each alphabetic, numeric, or special character is represented with a 7-bit binary number (a string of seven 0s or 1s). 128 possible characters are defined.

Question 32

How do you use the "?:" conditional operator?

Answer 32

String outcome = ( number % 2 == 0 ? "even." : "odd." ); | System.out.println( number + " is " + outcome );

Question 33

Another example use of "?:" conditional operator...

Answer 33

class ConditionalDemo2 { public static void main(String[] args){ int value1 = 1; int value2 = 2; int result; boolean someCondition = true; result = someCondition ? value1 : value2; System.out.println(result); }

Question 34

Show another example of Switch Statment.

Answer 34

``` public class SwitchDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ``` int month = 8; String monthString; switch (month) { case 1: monthString = "January"; break; case 2: monthString = "February"; break; case 3: monthString = "March"; break; case 4: monthString = "April"; break; case 5: monthString = "May"; break; case 6: monthString = "June"; break; case 7: monthString = "July"; break; case 8: monthString = "August"; break; case 9: monthString = "September"; break; case 10: monthString = "October"; break; case 11: monthString = "November"; break; case 12: monthString = "December"; break; default: monthString = "Invalid month"; break; } System.out.println(monthString); } }