Final

Question 1

• What tore Italy apart?

Answer 1

Internal Wars

Question 2

• Italy threatened from abroad by whom?

Answer 2

Turkey

Question 3

What happens to the Medici in Florence?

Answer 3

Exiled

Question 4

What program does the papacy begin?

Answer 4

Territorial Expansion

Question 5

What were Martin Luther’s ideas?

Answer 5

Critical of Catholic Dogma

Question 6

Leonardo Da Vinci

• His various vocations

Answer 6

Scientist, painter, Sculptor, musician, architect, engineer

Question 7

Leonardo Da VinciI in whose workshop in he worked

Answer 7

Verrochios

Question 8

• For whom he worked as a military engineer

Answer 8

Ludovico Sforza

Question 9

Earliest known drawing

Answer 9

Arno Valley

Question 10

Earliest known painting with his teacher (what part he painted)

Answer 10

Baptism of Christ

Question 11

Earliest known painting (its unique feature)

Answer 11

Annunciation

Angels were birdlike

Question 12

Who commissioned Adoration of the Magi

Answer 12

Florentine Monks

Question 13

Status of the painting when he left for Milan

Answer 13

unfinished

Question 14

Who is probably found at right?

Answer 14

young Leonardo

Question 15

How emotion is expressed

Answer 15

gaze at the mother and child

Question 16

What the background is said to reference

Answer 16

basilica maximus

Question 17

What else is found in the background?

Answer 17

fighting horsemen

Question 18

Figures at left

Answer 18

workmen

Question 19

How the figures tend to materialize

Answer 19

softly and gradually

Question 20

Define chiaroscuro

Answer 20

light and dark

Question 21

Vitruvian Man

• How Da Vinci prepared himself for human dissections

Answer 21

Read works of Greek Physicians Galen

Question 22

Vitruvian Man

whom his interest in architecture, engineering led him

Answer 22

Virtuous

Question 23

Vitruvian Man

What was Vitruvius’s notion?

Answer 23

notion that the human body may be used to derive the perfect geometrical forms of the circle, square

Question 24

Vitruvian Man

• How does Vitruvius describe the human figure?

Answer 24

as being the principal source of proportion among the Classical orders of architecture

Question 25

Vitruvian Man | • What man is the measure of in the Vitruvian Man

Answer 25

“Proportions of Man” (“Man is the measure of all things”)

Question 26

Vitruvian Man | • How the man is simultaneously inscribed

Answer 26

Circles and Squares

Question 27

Virgin on the Rocks | Basic subject

Answer 27

St. John as a hermit in the wilderness encounters Christ

Question 28

Virgin on the Rocks | What is sfumato?

Answer 28

(“smokiness” or moisture-laden atmosphere)

Question 29

Virgin of the Rocks | How forms are grouped, connected

Answer 29

meaningful grouping of forms in pyramid connected by gazes, gestures

Question 30

Virgin of the Rocks | How Da Vinci’s interest in botany is evident

Answer 30

evident by fine detail of vegetation (specific plant species can be identified)

Question 31

Virgin of the Rocks | Setting

Answer 31

St. John as a hermit in the wilderness encounters Christ | Virgin protectively reaches for St. John (left), holds open palm over Christ child (right) who is flanked by an angel

Question 32

• What Da Vinci says about the relationship between painting, poetry; where it is rooted

Answer 32

Da Vinci compares painting, poetry (rooted in Roman poet Horace’s statement that poetry is like painting) Interpreted to mean that painting should conform to poetry

Question 33

What Da Vinci says about the relationship between painting, sculpture

Answer 33

He argued that painting was superior to sculpture (it allowed for illusory spaces, textures sculpture could not replicate; also, painter not subjected to clouds of dust present when one sculpts

Question 34

How this contrasts with Michelangelo’s view of the relationship between painting, sculpture

Answer 34

Michelangelo, on the other hand, argued that sculpture was superior to painting because it created fully 3-D forms while painting creates only illusions

Question 35

The Last Supper• Who commissioned it; location | • Unsuccessful medium with which Da Vinci experimented

Answer 35

Commissioned by his patron, Ludovico Sforza, to decorate refectory (dining hall) for Dominican monastery Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan Experimented with unconventional fresco technique of oil-tempera on dry plaster that did not adhere well to the wall in humidity

Question 36

The Last Supper | Role of linear perspective

Answer 36

use of linear perspective (vanishing point behind head of Jesus) opens up deep, wide space; architecture supports forms, could be dispensed with altogether

Question 37

The Last Supper | What forms a halo?

Answer 37

Note pediment forms a halo

Question 38

The Last Supper | Reactions of Peter, John, Judas

Answer 38

Peter grabs a knife; St. John seems lost in thought; Judas recoils in thought & is in shadow

Question 39

Mona Lisa | Who is the woman

Answer 39

Vasari identifies woman as Lisa di Gherardo, wife of Francesco del Ciocondo

Question 40

Mona Lisa | basic pose

Answer 40

profile

Question 41

Mona Lisa | What is stressed

Answer 41

Expensive Garments

Question 42

Bramante | • How he began his career

Answer 42

Fresco Painter

Question 43

Bramante | With whom he worked in the court of Milan

Answer 43

Leonardo Da Vinci

Question 44

Tempietto | What is meant by the “principle of the sculpted wall”

Answer 44

. deeply recessed niches in upper story counterbalanced by convex shape of dome, strongly projecting moldings & cornicesvex shape of dome, strongly projecting moldings & cornices

Question 45

Tempietto | Earlier structures it evokes

Answer 45

Martyrium

Question 46

Tempietto | Site on which it is located (thus, making it what type of structure?)

Answer 46

crucifixion site of Peter