Final Flashcards
Family systems approach
approach to understanding family functioning that emphasizes how each relationship within the family influences the family as a whole.
Disequilibrium
in the family systems approach, this term is used in reference to a change that requires adjustments from family members
Caregiver relationship
one sibling that acts as parent
Buddy Relationship
friends
Critical relationship
conflict, teasing (mean)
Rival relationship
in direct competition
Casual Relationshoip
@ a distance
Authoritative
parenting style in which parents are high in demandingness and high in responsiveness, i.e., they love their children but also set clear standards for behavior and explain to their children the reasons for those standards
Authoritarian
style in which parents are high in demandingness but low in responsiveness; i.e., they require obedience from their children and punish disobedience without compromise, but show little warmth or affection toward them
Permissive
Parenting style in which parents are low in demandingness and high in responsiveness. They show love and affection toward their children but are permissive with regard to standards for behavior
Neglectful/Disengaged
Parenting style in which parents are low in both demandingness and responsiveness and relatively uninvolved in their children’s development
Emotional Responsiveness/ Warmth
The degree to which parents are sensitive to their children’s needs and express love, warmth, and concern for them
Demandingness/ Control
The degree to which parents set down rules and expectations for behavior and require their children to comply with them
Reciprocal effects
In relations between parents and children, the concept that children not only are affected by their parents but affect their parents in return. Also called bidirectional effects.
Family process
The quality of relationships among family members
Family structure
The outward characteristics of a family, such as whether or not the parents are married
Peers
share some aspect
Friends
valued mutual relationship
Informational Support
advice
Instrumental support
help w/ specific tasks
Companionship support
who sits next to you
Esteem support
they cheer for you
Cliques
voluntary, have rules
Crowds
peers, some characteristics in common, may not be friends (ex. Jocks)
Relational aggression
“relational aggression”: a form of nonphysical aggression that harms others by damaging their relationships, through gossip, rumors, excluding them from cliques -Can be a way of asserting dominance -The aggressors, those using relational aggression, are prone to depression and eating disorders
Social skills
social information processing: the interpretation of others’ behavior and intentions in a social interaction -Having social skills allows ppl to give others a chance and avoiding the tendency to interpret their actions as hostile like with those who lack social skills -“controversial adolescents”: adolescents who are aggressive but have social skills, so they have both positive and negative emotions from their peers
Rejected adolescents
decrease positives, increase negatives (can band together)
Neglected adolescents
adolescents- decrease both positive and negative (worst outcome completely looked over)
Controversial adolescents
you like or hate them and increase both (strong sense of self)
Popular adolescents
high positive, low negative (can be or go on to be good)
Bullying
“bullying”: in peer relations, the aggressive assertion of power by one person over another -Three components to bullying: aggression, repetition, and power imbalance
peer pressure
friend influence can be positive or negative
Dating scripts
the cognitive models that guide dating interactions
Proactive scripts
Males Only intiate date decide where to go control public domain (drive and pay) initiate sexual contact
Reactive scripts
Females only private domainn (grooming and dressing) responding to males gestures in the public domain responding to his sexual initiatives (gate keeper)
Empty love
Empty (C)
Romantic love
Romantic (P, I)
Companionate love
Companionate (C, I)
Fatuous love
Factous (C, P)
Consummate love
Consummate (C, P, I)
Asymptomatic
manageable, passing on (curable, treatable)
Latency period
when you have something but it doesn’t come out right away
Sternberg’s triarchic theory of love
three dimensions (passion, intimacy, commitment)
Sexually transmitted infections
peak in early @ HPV
School Climate
best in warm environment and it’s the quality of interactions
Engagement
best learning environment
tracking
sending children on learning path concerned with what they’ll eventually do, professional, vocational, college prep
Characteristics of giftedness
precocity, independence, drive for mastery (perfectionism) excellence in information processing
SES & school achievement
lower income less engaged and vice versa
Academic subculture
drawn to the world of ideas, study hard and get to know professors
Collegiate subculture
center on fraternities, sororities, dating, drinking, big sports events, and fun; do enough school work to get by
Vocational subculture
practical view; college is to get a job
Rebel subculture
deeply engage in ideas but aggressively nonconformist; selectively studious and will respond if they like the subject and the professor
Dropout
school is hard, repeated grades, behavior probs
Debt bondage
arrangement in which a person who is in debt pledges his labor or the labor of his children as payment
Retention rate
in a longitudinal study, the percentage of participants who continued to take part in the study after the first year
Occupational deviance
deviant acts committed in relation to the workplace, such as stealing supplies
New basic skills
skills identified by Murnane and Levy that are required for high school graduates who with to be able to obtain the best jobs available in the new information based economy
Adolescent work in traditional cultures
cross-culturally: hunting and gathering, farming, child rearing U.S.: 16 yrs and up. Child labor laws
Optimum # of work hours per week
10
Pros and cons of work in adolescence
Pros: Organization and Structure Fiscal Responsibility Promotes “getting along” Learn New Skills Gain Confidence Cons: Fatigue Distraction from school Occupational deviance ie steal, call in sick Higher use of alcohol, drugs, cigs Increase in psychological symptoms i.e. depression, anxiety, etc Sexual Harassment
Media Practice Model
identity, selection, interaction, application (back to identity). Most important part is that is it interactive! The adolescents identity motivates the selection to pay attention to certain media types, so they apply that kind of media, which then circles back around to their identity.
Sensation seeking
a personality characteristics defined by the extent to which a person enjoys novelty and intensity of sensation
Cathartic effect
Effect sometimes attributed to media experiences, in which media experience has the effect of relieving unpleasant emotions
Social learning theory
Bandura (is you value a person, you might act like them (16 and pregnant lowered preg rates and others made packs), The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Uses of media
Entertainment, Sensation Seeking, Coping, Youth Culture ID, Identity Formation
Cultivation theory
mean world syndrome (mean tv is mean world)
TV and aggression
Chicken or Egg First. Violent kids are attracted to violent shows. Violent shows encourage violence in kids
Controversial music
Rap, heavy metal, rock and roll. This has all been accused of promoting suicidal and violent tendencies. However, adolescent heavy metal fans generally report that the music has a cathartic effect on their anger
Uses and gratifications theory
we might toward certain types of media (same product, different reactions should we put this in movies)
Video games and aggression
studies do show a link, Huesmann, age of exposure, desensitizing
Internalizing
problems such as depression and anxiety that affect a person’s internal world. ex: depression, anxiety, and eating disorders problems
Externalizing problems
problems that affect a person’s external world, such as delinquency and fighting
Risk behavior
problems that involve the risk of negative outcomes, such as risky driving and substance use
Problem behavior
behavior that young people engage in that is viewed by adults as a source of problems, such as unprotected premarital sex and substance use
Status offenses
offenses such as running away from home that are defined as violations of the law only because they are committed by juveniles
Violent crimes
crimes that involve physical harm to others, for example, assault and murder
Property crimes
crimes that involve taking or damaging other’s property, for example, robbery and arson
LCPD’s
In moffitt’s theory, adolescents who show a history of related problems both prior to, during, and following adolescence. “career criminal”
ALDs-
in moffitt’s theory, delinquents who engage in criminal acts in adolescence and/or emerging adulthood but show no evidence of problems before or after these periods. do “dumb” stuff
Delinquency
violations of the law committed by juveniles
