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Biology 1209 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

does not have a nucleus

A

prokaryote

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2
Q

has a nucleus

A

eukaryote

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3
Q

prokaryotes with no intron

A

bacteria

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4
Q

prokaryotes with intron

A

archaea

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5
Q

single celled or colonial eukaryote

A

protist

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6
Q

multicellular autotroph

A

plant

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7
Q

multicellular heterotroph (eats by absorption)

A

fungi

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8
Q

multicellular heterotroph (eats by ingestion)

A

animal

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9
Q

unicellular, cells lack nuclei and membrane-bound organelles, autotrophs or heterotrophs

A

archaea and bacteria (prokaryotes)

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10
Q

archaea love ____ environments

A

extreme

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11
Q

love salty environments

A

halophiles

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12
Q

love hot and acid environments

A

thermoacidophiles

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13
Q

Gram-____: bacteria have simpler cell walls, with large amounts of peptidoglycan, violet

A

positive

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14
Q

Gram-_____: bacteria have a more complex structure and less peptidoglycan, red

A

negative

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15
Q

proteobacteria group that has close relationships with eukaryotes

A

alpha

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16
Q

proteobacteria group that contains nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

beta

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17
Q

Proteo bacteria (E. Coli)

A

gamma

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18
Q

proteobacteria that includes myxobacteria, form elaborate colonies

A

delta

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19
Q

proteobacteria that include helicobacter pylori

A

epsilon

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20
Q

most common cause of blindness

A

chlamydia

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21
Q

helical shaped heterotrophs, most are free living, some are parasites

A

spirochetes

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22
Q

blue-green bacteria, blue-green algae

photosynthesize: contain chlorophyll

A

cyanobacteria

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23
Q

eukaryotic, simple - one-celled, filaments, colonies
autotrophic or heterotrophic
polyphyletic

A

protista

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24
Q

heterotrophic animal-like protists

A

amoeba, foraminifera, actinopodia, trypanosoma, ciliophora

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25
Q

heterotrophic plant-like autotrophs

A

dinoflagellates, diatoms, brown algae, red algae

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26
Q

movement of heterotrophic animal-like protists

A

psuedopodia (false foot), flagella (whip-like) appendage, cilia (hair-like appendage), nonmotile

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27
Q

pseudopodia

A

amoeba

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28
Q

pseudopodia but with a shell of CaCO3

A

foraminifera

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29
Q

pseudopodia with a silica shell

A

actinopodia

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30
Q

flagella and undulation of flatten body edge (like a wing)

A

trypanosoma

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31
Q

ciliophora

A

cilia

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32
Q

two flagella

A

dinoflagellates

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33
Q

very small cilia

A

diatoms

34
Q

look multicellular but colonies of individual cells

A

brown algae, red algae

35
Q

why do plants have a waxy waterproof coating (cuticle)

A

prevent desiccation

36
Q

sexual life cycle of plants and some algae

A

alternation of generation

37
Q

haploid generation

A

gametophyte

38
Q

diploid generation

A

sporophyte

39
Q

sporophyte produce spores by

A

meiosis

40
Q

gametophyes produce gametes by

A

mitosis

41
Q

Evolutionary shift of plants

A

less dependence on water and larger size

42
Q

why is the evolutionary trend in plants possible

A

vascular tissue

43
Q

what is the result of plant evolutionary trend?

A

sporophytes becoming the dominant generation

44
Q

water to land transition

A

algae to bryophytes

45
Q

non-vascular to vascular transition

A

byrophytes to tracheophytes

46
Q

spore dispersal to seed dispersal

A

seedless to seed

47
Q

do not have vascular tissue, tissue no more than couple of cells thick, water and nutrients travel by osmosis and diffusio

A

non-vascular

48
Q

stems of most plants, made of tube-like, elongated cells which transport the xylem and phloem, evolutionary advantage with increase in height of plans

A

vascular

49
Q

non vascular plants

A

chlorophyta (green algae)
bryophyta (mosses)
hepatophyta (liverworts)
anthocerophyta (hornworts)

50
Q

vascular and seedless plants

A

lycophyta (club mosses)
spenophyta (horsetails)
pterophyta (ferns)

51
Q

vascular with seed *gymnosperms

A

coniferophyta (conifers)
cycadophyta (cycads)
ginkophyta (ginko)
gnetophyta (gnetae)

52
Q

no vascular tissue, no true roots, depend on water for reproduction, smaller, live in dark and damp places

A

non-vascular plants

53
Q

small, non-vascular, gametophyte dominant, needs water for fertilization, often seen growing on hard substrates in moist areas

A

bryophyta (mosses)

54
Q

small, non-vascular, gametophyte dominant, needs water for fertilization

A

hepatophyta (liverworts)

55
Q

have true stems, roots & leaves with vascular tissue, no seeds, most land in moist read (flagellated sperm), but occur in deserts and marshes, both upright and horizontal stems

A

seedless vascular plants

56
Q

vascular dichotomously branched stems, small leaves called microphylls

A

lycophyta: club mosses

57
Q

low complexity; sponges

A

asymmetry

58
Q

more complex but still simple; jellyfish, corals

A

radial symmetry

59
Q

very complex with designated sides; flatworm

A

bilateral symmetry

60
Q

allow for the gastrovascular cavity to form; bigger elements can be digested

A

endoderm

61
Q

skin, nerves

A

ectoderm

62
Q

results in structures not associated with digestion such as organ systems (worms, humans)

A

mesoderm

63
Q

without a body cavity, mesoderm fills the space

A

acoelomate

64
Q

with a cavity between endoderm and mesoderm

A

pseudocoelomate

65
Q

with cavity within the mesoderm

A

coelomate

66
Q

asymmetrical, no tissue layers, no body cavity, no gastrovascular opening

A

porifera (sponges)

67
Q

radial symmetry, 2 tissue layers (ecto and endoderm), no body cavity, 1 gastrovascular opening

A

cnidaria (jellyfish, hyda, sea anemone)

68
Q

bilateral symmetry, 3 tissue layers, no body cavity, 2 gastrovascular openings

A

platyhelminthes (flatworms/planarian)

69
Q

bilateral symmetry, 3 tissue layers, pseudocoelomate body cavity, 2 gastrovascular opening

A

nematoda (nematodes, roundworms)

70
Q

bilateral symmetry, 3 tissue layers, coelomate body cavity, 2 gastrovascular opening

A

annelida (segmented worms, earthworm)

71
Q

single filament of fungi

A

hyphae

72
Q

masses of filament

A

mycelium

73
Q

reproductive structure of fungi

A

sexual and asexual

74
Q

diverse - unicellular yeasts, powdery mildew, complex cup fungi
common factor - reproductive body, ascus produces ascospores
asexual reproduction - production conidia Peziza, Sordaria, Penicillin

A

ascomycetes

75
Q

largest and most conspicuous (mushroom, toadstool)
obvious part is only small part of the body
distinguished because of basidiospores
mainly use sexual reproduction, but can use asexual mushroom

A

basidiomycota

76
Q

aquatic, flagellated spores

parasitic or saprobic

A

chytridiomycota

77
Q

terrestial, live on decaying matter or soil
some form mycchorizzae with crops
hyphae are coenocytic
black bread mold

A

zygomycota

78
Q

rapidly growing, mostly asexual reproduction

important in commercial production of antibiotics

A

molds

79
Q

liquid or moist habitats, asexual budding, fermentation

A

yeasts

80
Q

mutualism between fungi

A

lichens

81
Q

mutualism between plants and fungi

A

mycorrhizae

Biology 1209 (1 decks)

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