Final Flashcards
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2
dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E3
dihydrolopoyl dehydrogenase
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is reversible or irreversible process?
irreversible
5 required cofactors for PDD complex
thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) lipoic acid coenzyme A FAD NAD
to begin the PDD complex, the E2 subunit must have the 2 thiol groups in the ____ form
oxidized
which subunit catalyzes the first 2 rxns in PDD
E1
which is the slowest rxn subunit
E1
pyruvate is converted to acetyl coA by…..
PDH complex
glucose -> __ pyruvate -> __ acetyl coA, __CO2, __ NADH
2 for all blanks
anaplerotic rxn
replenish the TCA cycle with OAA
ubiquonone (cofactor Q) is water soluble or lipid soluble
lipid soluble
-in membrane not ICF
ATP synthase:
beta-ATP ->
beta-empty
ATP synthase:
beta-empty ->
beta-ADP
ATP synthase:
beta-ADP ->
beta-ATP
2 shuttles that transport reducing equivalents to mitochondrial matrix:
- malate-aspartate shuttle (2.5 ATP / NADH)
2. glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle (1.5 ATP / FADH2)
FAs are stored as triacylglycerols in adipose tissue, specifically in…
the dark-colored lipid droplet
FA oxidation occurs in mitochondria and is made active by binding to coA. This process is made irreversible by…..
cleaving PPi into two organic phosphates
takes a couple days after time of starvation for ___________ levels to begin to increase
ketone body
metabolism of ketone bodies occurs in…
mitochondria
substrates for FA biosynthesis
NADPH and acetyl coA
sources of NADPH for FA biosynthesis
PPP and malic enzyme
1st and rate limiting step of FA biosynthesis
acetyl coA -> malonyl coA
catalyzed by acetyl coA carboxylase
-irreversible rxn
1st substrate to be loaded in FA biosynthesis
acetyl coA to KS
2nd substrate to be loaded on in FA biosynthesis
malonyl coA on ACP
palmitate has ____ carbons
16
palmitate is produced after ___ cycles
7
overall synthesis of palmitate requires
14 NADPH and 6 H2O
-use 1 H2O at the end for hydrolysis
FA elongation occurs in
ER
FA elongation does not use…
ACP, instead coenzymes are active in coA form
rate limiting step in chol synthesis
HMG-CoA to Mevalonate
-enzyme is HMG-CoA reductase
storage form of chol
cholesteryl ester
VLDL transports…
TG from liver