Final Flashcards
Gender Complementarity
Communal and corporative
Can be matrilineal and/or matrilocal
Common in pre-contact aboriginal cultures
Extended Family
Family which is not part of your direct, nuclear, family.
Matrilocal
A woman remains in her mother’s household after reaching maturity and brings her husband to live with their family after the marriage. Son move out of their original household after marriage to join their wives.
Matrilineal
Line of decent is traced exclusively through the female
Residential Schools
An assimilation policy which was put in place by Canadian government to essentially take away aboriginal culture. This had tremendous effects on aboriginal families which are still felt today (intergenerational).
Second Shift
Woman shift from staying purely at home to also working. If they decided to work they were expected to still take care of the home and children.
Separate Spheres
The ideology which places emphasis of women and men having different roles in the household.
Women’s Roles
Associated with the home; domesticity becomes ideal.
There has been a decline in women’s political, economic, and social power.
“Angel of the hearth”
Men’s Roles
Associated with the public world.
Work shifter to public spaces such as factories and was associated with wages
Urbanization (moving where work was located)
Work around home reduced
Exiled from family life
Normative
To say that something is normative means that it is the standard against which all others are judged to be normal. For example, historically the nuclear family, consisting of a married heterosexual couple, ideally with children, was considered the normative family in Western patriarchal culture; other versions of the family were considered unusual, abnormal, or even deviant.
Wage-earning Family
Family which is provided for through wages and not co-providing.
Co-providing family
complementary work roles
less gender differentiation
Industrialization
Production shifts from home to urban centers
Urbanization
The husband had to move to where work was located and therefore was associated with the public world and exiled from the home
Angel of the hearth
Women who had the sole responsibility of keeping their home managed
LICO
Low Income Cut Off
3 Traits Associated with Traditional nuclear Family
Class Privilege
Compact
Heteronormative
19th Century Family Social Scripts were used to limit women’s movements. What did they restrict access to? (4)
Voting rights
Ability to hold property
Access to education
Employment
What happened that changed family structure during WW2?
Women entered into the workforce.
After the war (1945-1950s) women were encouraged to go back into the home. What resulted from this? (4)
Higher marriage rates
Lower age of first marriages
Higher fertility rates
Low, stable divorce rates
During the resistance in the 1960s what id 2nd wave feminists question their existing rights to? (3)
Reproductive Choice
Marital intimacy
Cultural Representations
Describe both the discourses experienced by men and women that Betty Firedman describes in her book, ‘The Feminine Mystique.’
Women: experienced frustration, anger, alienation, and longing to have more fulfilling options.
Men: Had a similar sense of alienation but were not limited by a economic dependence.
What generalizations did Kimmel and Holler make about Canadian families in the 21st Century? (5)
Families are smaller
Higher amounts of families with single parents
Legally married couples with children only represent 1/3 of all families
The number of common-law families have gone up
There are higher rates of divorce
Outline the struggles that Aboriginal families face dues to systematic racism and the fallout of assimilation policies. (5)
Lower life expectancy Lower levels of education Lower Marriage rates Higher rates of unemployment Higher levels of violence especially against women
What does research show about same-sex parenting?
That their children are generally fairly well-adjusted despite social anxieties.
What were 2 major milestones politically for same-sex families?
The ability to adopt children in 1995
The ability to get married in 2005
What are some struggles that poor families face who are living under the LICO? (4)
1 Many are headed by a single parents (generally the mother)
2 They are not resilient to sudden change (illness/loss)
3 Poor living conditions
4 Harmful consequences which can be gendered (criminal behaviour, anger/shame, women’s stress)
Describe the gendered struggles face by disabled families.
Less likely to marry
More likely to marry older
Higher rates of divorce
higher rates of social isolation
What kind of discrimination to disabled people face?
A lack of access
Restrictions to physical space
Regarded as a family problem
What struggles do new Canadian families face?
1 Historically denied access to sustain families
2 Complexity and diversity is not fully accounted for
3 Difficult labor market conditions
4 Cultural, material, and interpersonal barriers
5 Resisting cultural homogenization
What is the relationship between gender socialization and parenting?
Parents possess gender-specific ideas which they socialize their children to act through and believe by placing expectations on their children
Hijab (2)
Broadly defined as the practice of modesty in Muslim cultures and the articles of clothing that pertain to that practice
Transnationalist Feminism
- Recognizing different regions and different needs and priorities
- Inequalities born of globalization as well as colonization
- Emphasize connections, not necessarily similarities
Burden of Representation
People are often ‘othered’ and may have their personal work politicized to who they are stereotypically seen in the media.
Difference
Points of divergence, characteristics, and qualities that make one person or group of persons distinguishable from others
Othering
To turn someone into a stereotype of someone (or sometimes something). Focus on race, class, and binaries
Labelling
Implications of disempowerment that one has had from being labelled due to ‘othering’
Privilege
An advantage that nor everyone has the ability of having.
Unearned Privilege
Accident of birth/luck which works systematically to over empower certain groups and disempower other.
Intersectionality
A way of taking into consideration all of the factors that together make up our political identities: our gender, our race and ethnicity, our class and status in society, our sexuality, our physical abilities, our age, our national status, and so on.
Oppression Olympics
When different forms of oppression are placed into a hierarchy. Groups compete to prove that they are move oppressed than one another which makes the ‘more’ oppressed people feel worthier.
Whiteness
Supplies the norms and categories against which all groups are measured. Defines itself by what it is not and is the standard from which other are judged (white-centred, white-identified, white dominated). Thought of as morally neutral, an invisible backpack of unearned assets.
What has mainstream feminism been critiqued for?
Failing to recognize differences amongst women, including within groups of women.
Why according to Ruby, might women choose to wear the hijab? (5)
Respect, dignity, and protection Connecting with religion Resisting assimialtion Connecting with the Muslim community Expression of self-discipline
Why might women choose not to wear the hijab? (5)
May be considered oppressive of ones sexuality May be 'othered' May be tied to 'anti-canadian) May be connected to violence Oppressive if forced upon someone
What did Hoodfar find about Iranian women’s experiences with the hijab?
They expressed skepticism about the hijab and its ability to be empowering. They actively sought to resist it.
how are transnational feminists different from earlier feminists?
Early feminism was criticized for its ethnocentrism and classism.
