Final

Question 1

What is the goal of probation?

Answer 1

To retain some control over offenders while using community programs to rehabilitate them

Question 2

What does the term binding over for good behavior mean?

Answer 2

Prisoners could be entrusted into the custody of willing citizens

Question 3

What is probation?

Answer 3

Sentence of imprisonment that is suspended. Conditional freedom. Court ordered sanction

Question 4

Who was the worlds first probation officer?

Answer 4

John Augustus

Question 5

What is the most common form of criminal sentencing?

Answer 5

Probation.
20%- 60% of guilty offenders are sentenced to probation.
58% of all offenders are under correctional supervision in the U.S

Question 6

What states have the smallest and largest probationary populations?

Answer 6

North Dakota- smallest

Texas- largest

Question 7

What are the 2 types of probation conditions?

Answer 7

General and specific

Question 8

What is one example of a general probation condition?

Answer 8

Fines payed to the court to reimburse victims and lawyers

Question 9

What is parole?

Answer 9

Supervised early release of inmates from correctional confinement.

Question 10

What is one example of a general probation condition?

Answer 10

Fines paid to the court to reimburse victims and lawyers

Question 11

What is the purpose of parole?

Answer 11

To return offenders gradually to productive lives. Parole acts as a stimulus for positive behavioral change.

Question 12

What is the difference between probation and parole?

Answer 12

Parole is a corrections strategy, probation is a sentencing strategy.

Question 13

What are the 3 parole decision making mechanisms?

Answer 13

1. Parole boards
2. Mandatory parole/statutory decrees
3. Medical parole

Question 14

What are community corrections?

Answer 14

Program based sanctions that permit convicted offenders to remain in the community under conditional supervision as an alternative to an active prison sentence. Less traditional

Question 15

What are intermediate sanctions?

Answer 15

The use of several community-based correctional sanctions instead of traditional sanctions such as imprisonment. for offenders who present little or no continuing threat to the community.

Question 16

What are the 3 distinct advantages of intermediate sanctions?

Answer 16

1. They are less expensive
2. Socially cost effective
3. provide flexibility in resources. time. and place of service.

Question 17

Split sentencing

Answer 17

Requiring a period of confinement in a facility followed by a period of probation.
not available everywhere.

Question 18

Shock probation

Answer 18

same as split sentencing but clients must apply and cannot be certain of what the judge will grant

Question 19

Shock parole

Answer 19

administrative decision ordered by a paroling authority.

Question 20

Shock incarceration

Answer 20

boot camp type prisons for a short time. impact is insignificant at best

Question 21

Mixed Sentencing

Answer 21

offenders serve weekends in confinement while undergoing probationary supervision in the community.

Question 22

Intensive Probation Supervision

Answer 22

Involve frequen face to face contact. Strictest form of probation. Designed to achieve control in a community setting.

Question 23

What does restoration attempt to do?

Answer 23

Make the victim whole again addresses damages done by making the victim and the community right.

Question 24

What are the key characteristics of restorative justice?

Answer 24

Victim centered
offender focused
community driven
government as safeguard.

Question 25

What are the key elements of restorative justice?

Answer 25

Harm- focused, victim centered responses, offender accountability addresses the harm.

Engagement everyone is involved.

Question 26

What is the largest jail?

Answer 26

Los angeles county jail, the 2nd is new York city jail

Question 27

The Pennsylvania system. (1790)

Answer 27

Developed by quakers focused on repentance through solitary confinement. Studied the bible and focused on repentance and rehabilitation.

Question 28

The Auburn System (1819)

Answer 28

Developed in NY depended on mass prisons where inmates were held in congregate and required to remain silent. focused on meditation
reintroduced corporal punishments.

Question 29

Reformatory movement (1877)

Answer 29

Based on the intermediate sentence and a belief in the possibility of rehabilitation . focused on education.

Question 30

Norfolk island

Answer 30

Australian prison Maconochie was the warden, improved conditions and created a system of marks for inmates to buy their freedom.

Question 31

the irish system

Answer 31

Crofton based on progressive stages which ended in the prisoners being allowed to live and work in the community. believed rehabilitation could not occur without rehabilitation into the community

Question 32

Industrial Era

Answer 32

Goal was to maximize use of the offenders labor during imprisonment.

Question 33

What were the 6 systems of inmate labor during the industrial era?

Answer 33

Contract system
piece price system
lease system
public account system
state use system 
public works system

Question 34

Describe comparative criminology.

Answer 34

The process of linking criminals and potential terrorists in this country to those overseas and around the world.

Question 35

describe ethnocentric

Answer 35

Holding a belief in the superiority of ones own social or ethnic group and culture

Question 36

Islamic law

Answer 36

refers to legal ideas based on the teachings of islam, bears no relationship to acts of terrorism . not the same thing as jihad or islamic fundamentalism

Question 37

What are the 2 types of islamic crime

Answer 37

Huded- serious violation against god. Tazir- offense against society and individuals