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1
Q

Repetition fluency disorder

A

unit of speech and part of what is being said is repeated

part word, whole word, phrase repetitions

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2
Q

Prolongations

A

durations of speech segments, often the sound or syllable that is longer than expected

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3
Q

Silent pause

A

ex. I was going to the (pause) store

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4
Q

broken words (intralexical pauses)

A

ex. It was won(pause)derful

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5
Q

Incomplete Phrase

A

ex. He wanted to… I think I will not say any more

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6
Q

Revisions

A

ex. I will take a taxi, a cab

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7
Q

What are disorders of fluency

A

stuttering, cluttering, neurogenic stuttering, malingered stuttering

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8
Q

Neurogenic stuttering

A

mostly in adults

associated with strokes in the absence of aphasia, may be associated with apraxia

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9
Q

cluttering

A

affects speech rate, but may involve language and though processes
may coexist with stuttering
characterized by rapid and irregular speech rate and indistinct articulation
disorganized though process

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10
Q

malingering

A

feigned stuttering for the purpose of receiving some type of external benefit
wanting to get out of work/law suit

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11
Q

stuttering

A

overall dysfluency rate exceeds five percent of the words spoken
part word reps
long silent and audible prolongations
presence of associated motor behavior

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12
Q

cluttering

A

overall rate of speech s too fast
artic breakdowns causing reduced intelligibility
voice problems
reading/writing problems

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13
Q

Secondary stuttering behaviors

A

learned reactions to the core behaviors

escape: head nods, eye blinks, foot taps
avoidance: circumlocutions, unfilled pauses, interjections

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14
Q

Fluency Shaping

A 
eliminate dysfluencies by practicing fluent speech, doesnt address secondary behaviors
easy onset
decrease speaking rate
light artic contacts
continuous phonation
delayed auditory feeback
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15
Q

Stuttering Modifaction

A

intervention technique to stutter more fluently, primary goals are to modify each disfluent moment by stuttering more easily and to eliminate struggle and avoidance behaviors
self analysis
relaxation
develop hierarchy of feared speaking situations
pull outs
preparatory sets

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16
Q

Unilateral Cleft

A

one side of the upper lip is cleft

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17
Q

bilateral cleft

A

both sides of the upper lip are cleft

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18
Q

incomplete cleft

A

less than all of the possible lip or palate structures are cleft

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19
Q

complete cleft

A

all of the possible lip or palate structures are cleft

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20
Q

What is the worst type of cleft

A

cleft through all of the hard and soft palates, including uvula

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21
Q

Can fluency disorders sponatneously recover? How often?

A

yes, but less than fifty percent will recover

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22
Q

What effect does VPI have on speech

A

hypernasality and/or nasal emmissions due to VPI may be improved or treated

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23
Q

When is therapy not appropriate for individuals with cleft palates

A

not appropriate if the abnormal structure is the only cause of the childs obligatory articulation errors and resonance problems

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24
Q

What would limit prognosis for Verbal communication

A

primary diagnosis is associated with a lack of speech and language development
age of child
few nonverbal/verbal communication acts
poor stimulability/inability to imitate verbalizations

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25
Who benefits from using an AAC device
``` anyone with: cerebral palsy intellectual disabilities autism apraxia and dysarthria TBI Lockedin syndrome Guillain Barre syndrome Severe language delays ```
26
What is Guillain Barre Syndrome
body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system
27
What is locked in Syndrome
a patient is aware but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles except for the eyes
28
How might AAC devices be accessed (aside from touch)
scanning eye tracker head tracker
29
Why does AAC improve speech
``` reduces pressure to speak reduced physical tension increased communication success increased cognitive organization increased motivation to communicate reduced demands to communicate ```
30
Knowledge Barrier
result when someone lacks information regarding specific aspects of AAC intervention or technology, which results in limited opportunities for participation
31
Types of words that should be included on the AAC device
core words 80 percent nouns 20 percent pre stored sentences (I need to go to the bathroom)
32
Five stages of grief
``` denial anger bargaining depression acceptance ```
33
What is the leading cause of referral for voice assessment
hoarseness, may be maturational and is rarely life threatening
34
What is an EGG, what does it stand for
electroglottograph | measures glottal closure and opening, to also assess if you can do acoustic analysis
35
hyperfunctional
vocal folds are coming too close together
36
hypofunction
ccharacterized by excessive laryngeal tension or overly forceful closure of vocal folds voice disorders characterized by incomplete closure of the vocal folds
37
hyponasal
not enough air coming out
38
hypernasal
too much air coming out
39
polyps
fluid filled lesions of the superficial lamina propira, uaually unilateral
40
papilloma
nonmalignant, wart like lesions, persistent tumors that tend to grow in clusters, usually appear between 2 and 4 years and may belife threatening because they obstruct the airway, decrease with age and usually disappear during puberty
41
myasthenia gravis
neuromuscular disorder (hypofunction)
42
spasmodic dysphonia
deviants in voice sound, adductor is treated with surgical and medical interventions (botox interventions)
43
What are examples of positive reinforcement
giving something to the child
44
examples of negative reinforcement
taking something away | they will not receive anything
45
3 components of direct strategy
stimulus presentation: must be presented immediately following a response, be firm don't sound unsure stimulus withdrawal: withdrawal of stimulus that maintains or increases the behavior immediately after a response (time out, response out, extinction)
46
What is a time out
period of time during which all reinforcing events are suspended exclusion vs. nonexclusion
47
when would extinction be used
when the child is not listening or child is acting out remove reinforces
48
What is an extinction burst
temporary increase in the frequency, duration, or magnitude of the targeted response
49
five types of indirect strategy
``` DRO DRI DRA DRL behavioral momentum ```
50
DRO
reinforce for not exhibiting behavior for a specified time (when a child is hurting themself your focus on behaviors where they won't hurt themselves)
51
DRI
reinforce behaviors that are incompartible with the undesirable behavior (when they are standing up you reinforce for sitting down, sucking thumb reinforce behavior for putting hand in pocket)
52
DRA
specify and reinforce a behavior that is an alternative to the undesirable
53
DRL
reinforce the child when the frequency of undesirable behavior is below the baseline
54
behavioral momentum
the force of a behavior in progress causes another behavior that may not otherwise be exhibited
55
DRL
reinforce the child when the frequency of undesirable behavior is below the baseline
56
behavioral momentum
the force of a behavior in progress causes another behavior that may not otherwise be exhibited
57
denial
client will deny that a problem exists or that his problem is not as severe as it it, client sees no point in working on something that doesn't exist, it is a mean of dealing with loss
58
anger
looking for someone to blame, angry because they have lost th eabillity to communicate
59
bargaining
may bargain with God, clinician or others
60
depression
upon failing to overcome the disorder, the client may become depressed
61
acceptance
client may finally accept that the condition cannot be cured, therapy can help reduce the severity of the disorder, client will actively work on the disorder in therapy

Treatments Final (1 decks)

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