Final Flashcards
What are the steps in scientific method?
Hypothesis Problem Experiment Observation Conclusion
What is a planned way to test a hypothesis and find out the answer to the problem statement?
Experiment
What is something in an experiment that changed?
Variable
What is visible or provable fact?
Observation
What is it called when you think if animals as humans?
Anthropomorphism
Who are animal rights activists number one target?
Farm animal agriculture
What are characteristics of cells?
Smallest unit of living system
Blueprints of how animal is put together
Vital to all life functions
Can change the physical form of the animal
Viruses can be as small as?
20 nanometers
Organelle that is responsible for holding all the genetic information of blueprints
Nucleus
Help build proteins; organelle but doesn’t have a membrane
Ribosomes
Sort and package proteins from the ER
Golgi Apparatus
Site of ATP production from respiration and where food molecules are broken down to release energy
Mitochondria
Media for transporting intercellular substances, contains storage vacuoles and vesicles to store nutrients and waste, contains enzymes needed for metabolic reactions
Cytoplasm
Determine the hereditary characteristics of animals; transmitted to the offspring from parents
Genes
Contains 2 different genes for the same trait
Heterozygous
Contains 2 identical genes for the same trait
Homozygous
Location of a gene on the chromosome
Allele
Genetic classification of a gene
Genotype
The gene that is overshadowed by a dominant gene
Recessive
Recessive genes attached to the X and Y chromosomes
Sex-linked
Dramatically different from what is expected genetically
Mutation
Mating purebreds with grade animals
Upgrading
Both genes express themselves
Incomplete dominance
Consists of a body, cervix, and 2 horns
Uterus
Blister-like mass on the ovary containing a developing ovum; produces and stores estrogen
Follicle
Attached to the endometrial lining of the uterus by tons if tiny villi; transfers blood, oxygen and nutrition to the unborn baby
Placenta
Seals to prevent bacteria from entering repro. tract
Cervix
External opening of the repro. and urinary systems
Vulva
Two shell membranes are added here to the yolk and white in poultry
Isthmus
Site of fertilization
Fallopian tubes
Receives the semen during mating
Vagina
Secrete the hormone estrogen; produces eggs or ova in females
Ovary
The sensory and erectile organ of the female; located just inside the vulva
Clitoris
Long, coiled tube that is connected to each testicle, sperm cells are stored here while they mature
Epididymis
Both testicles do not descend from body cavity
Ridgling
The tube that carries urine from the bladder
Urethra
Heat regulating sac that holds the testes
Scrotum
One testicle does not descend from the body cavity
Cryptorchid
Divides the two sacs of the scrotum
Septum
Produces a fluid that moves down the urethra ahead of the seminal fluid and cleans and neutralizes the urethra
Cowpers gland
Deposits the semen with in the female reproductive tract
Penis
Found in bulls, rams, and boars; extends the penis from the sheath
Sigmoid flexure
Tubular fold of skin that houses the penis
Sheath
Promotes lactation and stimulates the CL
Prolactin
Develops and maintains accessory sex glands, stimulates secondary sex characteristics, regulates sexual behavior and sperm production
Testosterone
Promotes female sexual behavior
Estrogen
Induces ovulation; initiates changes in the follicle wall that causes it to weaken
LH
Released into the blood stream near puberty and causes development of follicles on the ovary
FSH
The semen tank keeps frozen at how many degrees Fahrenheit
-320
The thaw box contains water heated to how many degrees Fahrenheit
95
Semen can be left in the thaw box a minimum of how many seconds and how many minutes
30 seconds
15 minutes
What is placed over the straw and gun to protect the sperm; it is locked in place with a rubber o-ring
Sheath
What is inserted into a goats vagina to open up the reproductive tract to locate the cervix
Speculum
What is used to artificially inseminate a pig
Spiret
What species does not superovulation not work in?
Mare
How many eggs are harvested through superovulation done three times?
9-12
How many days after superovulation do you AI?
5
What is used to recover embryos from the donor cow?
Foley catheter
What step happens after collection of embryos?
Isolation and classification
What percent better is surgical transfer than non surgical transfer?
5%
In surgical recover, how many days after estrus is recovery done?
6-9
First part of small intestine
Duodenum
Secreted in the liver and is stores in the gallbladder
Bike
Middle part of the small intestine
Jejunum
Last part of the small intestine
Ileum
First part of the large intestine
Cecum
Causes food to bypass the rumen and reticulum
Esophageal groove
Second part of the birds stomach
Ventriculus
Sphincter muscle located at the bottom of the stomach
Pylorus
Sphincter muscle located at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach
Cardia
Sugars and starches are examples of what nutrient?
Carbs
Makes up largest part of most living things
Water
Fiber is an example of what nutrient
Complex carbs
Urea is an example of what nutrient
Protein
Broad-spectrum do all of the following..
Better rate of gain, feed efficiency, and improved animal health
