Final Flashcards
This is a very large discoloration:
Ecchymosis
Hydrocele is edema of the:
Scrotum
Hypostasis of blood is which color of discoloration:
Blue-black
Progressive skin color changes and mottling of the veins on the skin surface are examples of which type of discolorations:
Decomposition changes
Which vessels are best to use in the case of cardiac disease:
- Common carotid artery
* Internal jugular vein
Bodies with facial trauma, bodies in which eye enucleation has been performed, and bodies in which purge is expected, are all reasons for:
The use of restricted cervical injection
Treatment of areas not reached by arterial injection may be treated by:
- Internal compress
- Preservative gels
- External compress
What contributes to the severity of odors:
- Nutrition
* Body weight
What are methods of drainage in relation to injection:
- Alternate
- Concurrent
- Intermittent
Fluid strength for a 4-12 year old for a routine embalming should be:
18-25 index
Swollen blood-filled areas within the skin:
Hematoma
The size of the vessel and the depth of the location of the vessel are criteria for selection of:
- An artery
* A vein
Fluid accumulating between the cells of the body:
Intercellular edema
Blood, adhesive tape marks, mercurochrome, and tobacco tars are all examples of which type of discolorations:
Surface coloring agents
Disseminated intravascular coagulation, anemia, and cachexia are all systemic effects of:
Malignancy
What techniques are recommended when intravascular problems are anticipated:
- Avoid using a sclerotic artery for injection
- Use an arterial tube of proper size
- Inject from the right common carotid
A postmortem extravascular blood discoloration:
Postmortem stain
During which stage of rigor mortis is the greatest need for preservative:
Post-rigor
General conditions of the body, effects of disease on the body tissue, effects of drugs on body tissues, and postmortem change, are all factors concerning:
Pre-embalming analysis
The most common areas to exhibit dehydration are:
- Fingers
- Lips
- Eyelids
Carbon monoxide poisoning turns the skin which color:
Cherry red
Examples of body invasive devices are:
- Pacemakers
- Colostomy bags
- Surgical drains
A pacemaker should be removed if the body is to be:
Cremated
Although maggots are an uncommon problem, they should be checked for in the:
- Corners of the eyes
- Within the mouth
- The nostrils
An extravascular irregularly shaped blood discoloration that often appears on the arms and backs of the hands:
Senile purpura
A vein can be used for drainage:
- Whether it is large or small
- Whether it is on the left or right side
- Even if it is broken
Occlusion of veins draining a body area that becomes the site of bacterial infection
Moist gangrene
A disease or condition accompanied by an elevation of body temperature
Febrile disease
Traumatic tissue injuries
Mutilation
Poor arterial circulation into an area of the body, causing death of body cells
Dry gangrene
“Stroke” caused by the clot or a rupture of a small artery of the brain
Cerebral vascular accident
An endocrine disease affecting the control of blood glucose levels
Diabetes
Cancer of the tissues that form white blood cells
Leukemia
Venereal disease caused by the spirochete
Syphilis
Diseases that affect cardiac function, the renal system, and obstructive diseases can cause:
Edema
Conditions favoring gas formation are:
- Heat
* Humidity
Preparation of the autopsied body is usually delayed and the body refrigerated. As a result the body generally requires an arterial solution:
Stronger than average
Razor burns, dehydration of tissues, and formaldehyde gray are all examples of which types of discoloration:
Reactions to embalming chemicals
The most commonly used vessel for drainage is:
Right internal jugular vein
Embalming in which only the skin and superficial portions of the body and not the deeper tissues receive solution has been referred to as:
Shell embalming
Edema is said to be established when there is a _____ increase in total body water:
10%
A variation of the restricted cervical injection in which a very strong arterial solution is used:
Instant tissue fixation
Drain tubes are inserted into veins and directed:
Toward the heart
Extreme dehydration is called:
Desiccation
What is the preferred method of thawing frozen tissue:
Allow the body to gradually come to room temperature by letting it set
Gangrene, jaundice, and leukemia are examples of which types of discoloration:
Pathological
Postmortem evacuation of any substance from an external orifice of the body as a result of pressure
Purge
Occurs after the embalming process has been completed
Post-embalming purge
Occurs prior to the embalming process
Pre-embalming purge
Frothy white appearance
Lung purge
Coffee ground appearance
Stomach purge
When the body has been dead for a long period of time, in following military regulations, and autopsied bodies are all reasons for:
A multi-site injection
A large bruise caused by escape of blood into the tissues:
Ecchymosis
The degree of this condition varies by muscle groups and the tissue pH. There can be a lack of uniform distribution of fluid, and depending on the degree, the tissues vary in their preservative demand:
Rigor mortis
Hypostasis of blood, carbon monoxide poisoning, and capillary congestion are all which types of blood discolorations:
Antemortem intravascular
When moisture is retained by the cell, or abnormal amounts of moisture are allowed to pass into the cell:
- Cellular edema
* Solid edema
Arteriosclerosis is most common in which age group:
Elderly
Aspiration and injection of lungs is a treatment of:
Pulmonary edema
Small pinpoint skin hemorrhages:
Petechia
The greatest disadvantage of the one-point injection method is:
The risk of short-circuiting of the arterial solution
Disinfection carried out after the embalming is:
Terminal
May be defined as both an acute and a chronic metabolic disorder characterized principally by hyperglycemia resulting from a deficiency of insulin:
Diabetes mellitus
Skin-slip is also known as:
Desquamation
The outer layer of the artery called the adventitia is composed of:
Connective tissue
Crackling sensation produced when gases trapped in tissues are palpated
Crepitation
Purge can exit if these break
Esophageal varices
Embalming technique that employs a very strong arterial solution under high pressure used in small quantity
Instant tissue fixation
Examples are: candidiasis, aspergillosis, phycomycosis
Mycotic infection
Its source is clostridium perfingens
“True” tissue gas
Addison’s disease causes this discoloration of the skin:
Bronze
Well-embalmed tissues dehydrate _____ under embalmed tissues:
Less than
A postmortem intravascular blood discoloration:
Livor mortis
The content of drainage includes:
- Blood
- Arterial solution
- Interstitial fluid
The middle layer of the artery called the media is composed of:
- Muscle cell
* Elastic tissue
The inner lining of the artery called the intima is composed of:
Endothelia cells
A goal of packing the orifices is:
Help contain odors
A general guide over the years has been to use 1 gallon of a properly mixed arterial solution for every _____ pounds of body weight:
50
Lung purge may be caused by:
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
- Influenza
Jaundice embalming fluid contains which amounts of formaldehyde:
Low
Mold on the body is mostly found in:
Warm, humid climates
Poor peripheral circulation, loss of a limb, and a ruptured aneurysm can all be a result of:
Arteriosclerosis
The first choice of a vessel is called the:
Primary injection site
Problems associated with this condition include capillary breakdown, increased coagula in the vascular system, and intense livor mortis:
Refrigerated bodies
A legal document containing vital statistics, disposition, and final medical cause of death:
Death certificate
Another term for removal:
Transfer of remains
The dorsalis pedis artery is found in the:
Foot
The purpose of this type of embalming fluid is to kill microorganisms or to render them inactive:
Germicide
This is always classified as natural, suicide, homicide, accident, or unknown:
Manner of death
What are methods for breaking the cycle of transmission of infectious agents in the preparation room:
- Primary disinfection
- Concurrent disinfection
- Sterilization
“C” represents:
Index of the arterial solution
“V’” represents:
Total volume of water, arterial fluid, and any accessory fluids added
Setting of blood into the dependent tissues of the body
Hypostasis
Death of the person as a whole
Somatic
Intravascular discoloration of the body
Livor mortis
Postmortem cooling of the body
Algor mortis
Extravascular blood discoloration that cannot be removed by arterial injection and blood drainage
Postmortem stain
Medial border of the psoas major muscle
External iliac artery
Lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle
Radial artery
Along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Common carotid arteries
Through the center of the femoral triangle
Femoral artery
Behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle
Axillary artery
Originates from the subclavian artery
Axillary
Originates from the axillary artery
Brachial
Originates from the brachiocephalic artery
Right carotid
Originates from the arch of the aorta
Left carotid
Originates from the external iliac artery
Femoral
Used to embalm the leg and foot
- Common iliac
* External iliac femoral artery
Used to embalm the area of the leg below the knee
Popliteal artery
If directed superiorly, used to embalm the head and face
Common carotid artery
Used to embalm the hand
- Radial
* Ulnar artery
Used to embalm the arm and hand
- Subclavian
- Axillary
- Brachial artery
Linear guide: through the center of the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity
Popliteal artery
Linear guide: midway between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus tendon
Posterior tibial
Linear guide: lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Ulnar artery
Linear guide: from the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle joint
Anterior tibial artery
Linear guide: posterior to the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle
Brachial artery
To avoid re-testing the exposure level should be below .5ppm
TWA
To avoid re-testing the exposure level should be below 2ppm
STEL
Measured over an 8 hour period
TWA
Measured over a 15 minute period
STEL
An embalming instrument used for blunt dissection and raising vessels
- Aneurysm hook
* Aneurysm needle
Action or a force against an opposing force
Pressure
Mechanical device used to inject specially designed metal pins into bones
Needle injector
Speed at which fluid is injected, measured in ounces per minute
Rate of flow
Apparatus that is connected to the water supply - when the water is turned on, a suction is developed and is used to aspirate the contents of the body’s cavities
Hydroaspirator
Disinfection and decontamination practices carried out after the embalming
Terminal
An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects / surfaces to destroy disease causing agents, but usually not bacterial spores
Disinfectant
An agent, usually chemical, applied either to inanimate objects / surfaces or to living tissues for the purpose of destroying disease causing microbial agents, but not usually bacterial spores
Germicidal
Disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process
Concurrent
Freedom from infection and from any form of life;
Sterility
Asepsis
An artery and vein at one location are used for injection and drainage
One-point injection
The injection is made in an artery at one location and the drainage occurs from a vein at another location
Split injection
Injection from two or more arteries
Multi-point injection
Both carotids, axillaries, and femorals are used for injection;
Any or all of the corresponding veins can be used for drainage
Six-point injection
The embalming of a body region
Sectional vascular embalming
Which formula is used for figuring primary dilution
C x V = C’ x V’
A tissue change usually green in color:
Decomposition
Agonal or postmortem redistribution of host micro flora on a host-wide basis:
Translocation
A heart attack is an example of:
Cause of death
An example of a common carrier is:
- Airlines
* Train
Another name for Phenol:
Carbolic acid
Another word for decompose:
Decay
A time period of embalming analysis is:
- Pre-embalming
- During embalming
- After embalming
Clinical death occurs when:
- Respiration cease
* Heartbeat cease
Consists of injecting 3 to 4 gallons of preservative solution under pressure into the circulatory system through an artery while concurrently draining blood from a vein:
Arterial embalming
Decomposition of all tissues by enzymes that form without microbial assistance
Autolysis
Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria is the definition of:
Putrefaction
Effects the stabilization of acid-base balance within the embalming solution and in embalmed tissues
Buffers
Embalming analysis should be documented:
In report form
Included in the anterior triangle are
- Hyoid bone
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
It is inexpensive. It inhibits the growth of yeasts and molds. It can rapidly destroy autolytic enzymes:
Formaldehyde
It is the liquid form of formaldehyde:
Formalin
It requires employers tell their employees what dangers exist in the workplace and that they train them how to protect themselves
Hazard Communication Rule
Its purpose is to serve as the solvent:
Vehicle
Postmortem stiffening of the body muscles by natural body processes is:
Rigor mortis
Refers to the pathological death of body cells as a result of disease processes:
Necrosis
The basilica vein accompanies which artery?
Brachial
The most positive sign of death is:
Decomposition
The most commonly chosen floor covering for the preparation room is:
Vinyl tile
The most notable among the health problems that can result from chemicals in the preparation room are:
Eye and nose irritations
The normal pH of a body is about:
7.4
The point of origin and point of termination of a structure in relation to adjacent structures is the definition of:
Anatomical limit
The pressure reading on the gauge in the centrifugal machine, indicating the pressure in the delivery line of the machine with the rate of flow valve closed or the arterial tubing clamp shut is:
Potential pressure
The reading on the pressure gauge on the centrifugal pump when the rate of flow valve is open and the arterial solution is entering the body:
Actual pressure
The science of treating the dead human body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition:
Preservation
The viscosity of blood refers to:
Thickness
This condition occurs 32-72 hours after death when rigor mortis leaves the body:
Secondary flaccidity
This serves as the base for the femoral triangle
Inguinal ligament
This type of embalming fluid causes the embalming solution to flow more readily and rapidly throughout the capillaries:
Surfactant
Types include citrates, phosphates, and borates:
Anticoagulants
What color of ceiling is a must for the preparation room:
White
What is the most commonly used modern day device for injecting:
Centrifugal pump
Within one state:
Intrastate
What are the two supplemental embalming treatments noted in the text?
- Surface embalming
* Hypodermic embalming
To stimulate maggots to emerge from areas beneath the skin or from the mouth or nostrils, the embalmer can:
Swab the areas with a petroleum product such as kerosene
The external application of cavity fluid, gels or powders in order to treat intact skin that has not received sufficient arterial fluid is an example of:
Surface embalming
What method would be the best application to treat a limb that did not receive sufficient arterial fluid and cannot be injected arterially?
Hypodermic embalming
Embalming of the arm, leg or side of the face by injecting embalming solution into the artery that supplied blood to that particular body region is defined as:
Sectional vascular embalming
Continuous suture
Whip suture
Single-intradermal suture
Hidden suture
Individual suture
Bridge suture
Inversion suture
Worm suture
Interlocking suture
Lock suture
Found in the left lumbar region
Descending colon
Found in the umbilical region
Transverse colon
Found in the right inguinal (iliac) region
Cecum appendix
Found in the right hypochondriac region
Gallbladder
Found in the hypogastric region
Bladder in adults if distended
The movement of molecules in solution from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration
Diffusion
The section of the vascular system between the artery and the capillary
Arteriole
Separation of substances in solution by the differences in their rates of diffusion
Dialysis
The very smallest solute;
Separation of substances in solution by the differences in their rates of diffusion
Crystaloid
The smallest blood vessels of the vascular system
Capillary
What is an effective method of treating mold on the body?
- Remove the mold and treat with phenol compound chemical
- Remove the mold and thoroughly dry the area
- Use of embalming powder with plastic garment
With the autopsied body it _____ necessary to insert drainage devices into the veins:
Is not
If you needed to aspirate or inject fluid into the cranial cavity, you would insert a small trocar into the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. (T/F)
True
When suturing the scalp after a cranial autopsy, you should begin the sutures on the left side of the individual’s head and end them on the right side. (T/F)
False
The incision is made from a point near the sternoclavicular articulation and is directed upward on the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Anterior vertical (parallel)
This term is used by many embalmers to indicate use of the vessels at a site near the inguinal ligament
Iliofemoral
This term refers to an artery which has been completely occluded and cannot be injected
Canalization
