Final Flashcards
(39 cards)
George Berkeley
(sensations make up our world around us), was religious
Immaterialism
to be is to be perceived; there are no things in themselves apart from our experience of them.
Theory of Vision
seeing based on learning rather than on innate visual capacities
scope of human knowledgfe
nothing beyone what we perceive
immaterialism and existence as perception
Berkley’s proposal that there are no material objects behind our perceptions, but just the perception
Theory of vision
language i.e. distance perception
Touch & Vision
visual perception of depth and distance only possible with respect to object interactions
Differences between Locke & Berkeley
Locke doesn’t specify of a non material soul or material body, but Berkeley says they can’t influence us because they aren’t perceived and must not exist. Locke ideas are subjective effects caused by objective things. Berkeley ideas are things.
Similarity between Locke & Berkeley
empiricist emphasize importance of experience and learning as source of knowledge. Ideas are objects of perception.
Enlightenment and how it influenced Kant & Hume
Kant: “Dare to know” need space and time to have experience. Hume: “All knowledge must be derived from experience”
(From Class) Potential problems with the term “enlightenment”
Human reason isn’t necessarily more “enlightened”. It’s just different.
David Hume: Causality
a habit does not have sensation or justification to logic ideas and impression linked together by cause and effect.
David Hume: Mental content
Two sorts: 1) Ideas 2) Impressions (from sensory experience)
David Hume: Ideas about experience and knowledge
ideas derived from perceptual experiences “pictures” of our experiences
David Hume: Ideas about the self
self is a temporary aggregate of associated sensations rather than permanent and unified entity (mind is experience rather than entity)
David Hume: Skeptical reasoning and natural beliefs
natural beliefs can’t justify belief in causality (causal connections)
David Hume: Attitude toward reason
can’t be the only guide to human activity. Does not believe in reason.
David Hume: Meaningful statements
Analytic statement–all triangles have three sides, always true. Synthetic–it’s raining outside, based on our perception.
Immanuel Kant: similarities and differences between Kant & Hume (Meaningful Statements)
Added “synthetic but true (we know without checking” ex: space and time, to analytical and synthetic statements of Positivism.)
Noumena
Reality was in itself, objective world;
phenomena
the appearances of reality, our experience of the world, subjective
transcendental self
one’s real self does the organizing of experience
phenomenal self
only an appearance that is experienced
Perspectives on ethics: categorical imperatives
act accordance to reason, act the way all other people should act at all times “do unto others as ye would have others do unto you”
