Final

Question 1

What electronic configurations lead to stable entities?

Answer 1

Fully filled, half filled and fully empty

Question 2

Coordination bond

Answer 2

Chemical bonds that occur with the ligand donating two electrons to the metal

Question 3

Monodentate

Answer 3

One bond (one electron pair)

Question 4

Constitutional Isomers

Answer 4

Isomers that have different atomic connectivity

Question 5

Coordination Isomers

Answer 5

Isomers that have different ligand connectivity

Question 6

Linkage Isomers

Answer 6

Isomers that have different attachment of ligand

Question 7

Isomers

Answer 7

Entities with the same chemical formula but different bonding and different properties

Question 8

Stereoisomers

Answer 8

Isomers that have the same connectivity but different arrangement of atoms

Question 9

Ligand Field Theory

Answer 9

The application of molecular orbital theory to transition metal complexes

Question 10

Octahedral Complexes

Answer 10

The ligands interact directly with the d(x2-y2) and d(z2) orbitals

Question 11

Tetrahedral Complexes

Answer 11

The ligands interact more with the d(xy) d(xz) and d(yz) orbitals

Question 12

Spectrochemical Series

Answer 12

The order of splitting by ligands

Question 13

Heat (q)

Answer 13

Energy transferred from a hotter to a cooler body

Question 14

Work (w)

Answer 14

The product of force and distance

Question 15

Energy

Answer 15

The capacity to do work

Question 16

Kinetic Energy

Answer 16

The energy of motion

Question 17

Potential Energy

Answer 17

The capability to do work as a result of position, condition or composition

Question 18

Standard Reaction Conditions

Answer 18

Exist when reactions occur during pure substances, 1 mol/L substances, approx 1 bar partial pressure

Question 19

State

Answer 19

The specific conditions relating to a system: temperature, pressure, concentration etc.

Question 20

State Function

Answer 20

Any property that has a unique value at a specific state

- a property of a system that is independent of the path taken to arrive at a specified state

Question 21

Internal Energy (U or E)

Answer 21

The total kinetic and potential energy within an entity

Question 22

Heat Capacity (C)

Answer 22

The heat required to change the temperature of one gram/mole of an entity by one kelvin.

Question 23

Enthalpy (H)

Answer 23

The heat evolved from a reaction at a constant external pressure

Question 24

Hess’s Law

Answer 24

States that the change in reaction enthalpy is independent of the path taken between reactants and products

Question 25

Standard Formation Enthalpy

Answer 25

The enthalpy for the creation of one mole of an entity from elements in their standard state

Question 26

Calorimeter

Answer 26

Measures the heat of reaction

Question 27

Spontaneous Process

Answer 27

A process that occurs if left to itself

Question 28

Non-spontaneous Process

Answer 28

Process that will not occur unless external energy is input

Question 29

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 29

All spontaneous processes increase the entropy of the universe

Question 30

Gibbs Free Energy

Answer 30

The maximum work that can be extracted from a system and still have a spontaneous process at a constant pressure and temperature.

Question 31

Formation Gibbs Free Energy

Answer 31

The change in free energy involved in the creation of one mole of an entity from elements in their standard state

Question 32

Phase Transitions

Answer 32

A class of chemical reaction where the enthalpy and entropy of the products and reactants are tabulated at 298K, yet the reaction occurs far from 298K.

Question 33

Galvanic/voltaic cells

Answer 33

Proceed spontaneously; Largest Ecell tends to occur

Question 34

Electrolytic cell

Answer 34

Does not proceed spontaneously; smallest Ecell tends to occur

Question 35

Cell Diagram

Answer 35

A convenient way to represent the chemistry occurring in an electrochemical cell

Question 36

Active electrodes

Answer 36

Take part in the chemistry

Question 37

Inert electrodes

Answer 37

Provide electrical connectivity but do not take part in the chemistry

Question 38

Primary Cells

Answer 38

Produce electricity from chemical reactions that cannot be reversed; are not rechargeable

Question 39

Secondary Cells

Answer 39

Produce electricity from chemical reactions that can be reversed by putting electricity into the cell; Rechargeable

Question 40

Fuel Cells

Answer 40

Produce energy - electricity or heat - when reactants are available; Not batteries, do not store electricity

Question 41

Chemical equilibrium

Answer 41

Exists when the forward and reverse kinetic reaction rates are equal

Question 42

Activity

Answer 42

The effective concentration of an entity

Question 43

Fugacity

Answer 43

The effective pressure of a gaseous entity

Question 44

Thermodynamic equilibrium constant

Answer 44

Retains the normal reporting state of the reagants

Question 45

Levelling Effect

Answer 45

Strong acids and bases are strong because they react with the solvent, leaving the acid/base of the solvent

Question 46

Buffered System

Answer 46

Resists changes in pH with the addition of other acids or bases; contains a mixture of a weak conjugate acid-base pair.

Question 47

Solubility Equilibrium

Answer 47

Exists when a sparingly soluble entity is put or forms in solution