Final Flashcards
The ratio of energy to frequency for a photon gives
Planck’s constant
In the relativistic case, doubling the speed of an electron causes its wavelength to
decrease to less than one-half
If the position of an electron is measured very precisely there is an uncertainty in measuring its
momentum
The elements in the periodic table that have completely filled shells or subshells are referred to as
noble gases
Ionic bonding is caused by
the transfer of electrons between atoms
An unfilled electron state in the valence band is called
a hole
In beta minus decay, the number of neutrons in the nucleus
is decreased by 1
The fuel for nuclear fission
U
If the Earth is located 10% nearer to the Sun than the real location, what is the total sunshine energy on the Earth?
about 20% more
The Sun and planets formed about – years ago
5 billion
What is the electric charge of d-quark?
-1/3
What element (oxygen, iron, carbon, silver, silicon) was made only by the supernova explosion?
silver
The dark matter is expected to be attracted by –
gravity
The most stable element in the universe, one that is energetically unfavorable to both fission and fusion is
iron
The temperature of the universe at 1 second after the Big Bang was about
10^10 K
When light enters a material of higher index of refraction, its speed
decreases
A light ray is reflected by two mirrors that are perpendicular. The new direction of the ray is – degrees from the original direction
180
An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at a distance larger than twice the focal length of the mirror. The image will appear
upright and smaller
The chromatic aberration in lenses is due to the – of light by the lens
dispersion
A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A second piece of wood sits on tops of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water level in the tub?
It does not change
Bernoulli’s principle is a statement of the conservation of
energy
When a bimetallic strip is heated, the strip will bend toward the side with the – coefficient of linear expansion
smaller
When both the pressure and the absolute temperature of an ideal gas are increased each by a factor of two, the volume occupied by the gas will
not change
A mole of diatomic oxygen molecules and a mole of diatomic nitrogen molecules at STP have the same number of –
molecules
A sample of an ideal gas is slowly compressed to 1/2 its original volume with no change in temperature. What happens to the average speed of the molecules in the sample?
it does not change
The heat required to change a substance form the solid to the liquid state is referred to as the
heat of fusion
The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions is referred to as
conduction
Relative to a stationary observer, a moving object appears – than normal
shorter
What property of the beam of light applies to a laser beam?
it is coherent
The spreading of white light into its spectrum is called?
dispersion
If a person’s eyeball is too short rom front to back, the person is likely to suffer from
farsightedness
Farsightedness can usually corrected with
converging lenses
In a hydrogen atom, an electron is bound around a proton by –force
electromagnetic
The time when the strong force is unified with electro-weak force
Grand Unification
If the mirror diameter of the telescope becomes twice larger, the light-gathering power is
4 times better
galaxies were formed as early as – after the Big Bang
1 billion years after
Increasing wavelengths: radio, ultra-violet, visible, x-ray
x-ray, ultra-violet, visible, radio
What natural barrier tries to prevent two protons from combining?
electromagnetic repulsion
Which particle is the heaviest?
neutron
In today’s Universe, compared to the number of photons, the number of electrons is
suppressed by more than a billion
How many stars in our Universe?
10^22
When atmospheric pressure increases, what happens to the absolute pressure at the bottom of a pool?
it increases by the same amount
The energy per unit volume in an EM wave is – divided between the electric and magnetic fields
equally
How tall must a plane mirror be in order for you to be able to see your full image in it?
half of your height
For all transparent material substances, the index of refraction is – than 1
greater
A telescope is considered to be a time machine looking backward, because speed of light is –
finite
How large was the universe when the cosmic microwave background was released?
a factor of 1,100 smaller than today
Who predicted the existence of anti-particles?
Dirac
The mass of a positron is – as the electron
same
Your hands are attached to your body by
electromagnetic force
Quark names
up, down, charm, strange
Why didn’t an abundance of elements heavier than helium form in the early universe? The expansion of the universe caused the – and – to drop too low for fusion to occur
temperature and density
The Higgs mechanism explains the origin of
mass of particles
The angle of incidence – than the angle of refraction
may be greater, less or equal
When light passes through a prism the color refracted the most is
violet
If a person’e eyeball is too long from front to back, the person is likely to suffer from
nearsightedness
Nearsightedness can usually be corrected with
diverging lenses
The equation of continuity is a statement of conservation of – applied to fluids in steady laminar flow?
mass
The lift on an airplane wing is an application of
Bernoulli’s principle
A metal cylindrical sleeve has an inner radius A and an outer radius B. The metal has a positive thermal expansion coefficient. When the sleeve’s temperature increases
both the inner and outer radii increase
The number of molecules in on e mole of a substance is
the same for all substances
The average molecular kinetic energy of a gas can be determined by knowing only
the temperature of the gas
Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?
yes it will happen naturally
The type of heat transfer that occurs between warm food and the air in the room is principally
convective
The redshift due to the Doppler effect is caused by the coerces of light moving – from the Solar System
away
In a p-type semiconductor, a hole is
a region where an electron is missing
The nuclei of different isotopes have the same number of
protons
When an unstable nucleus decays by emitting an alpha particle, the atomic mass number of the nucleus
decreases by 4
The energy radiated by a star, such as the Sun, results from
fusion reactions
Boiling temperature of water is
373 Kelvin
The beginning of the Universe was – dimensions
10
How soon after the Big Bang did the universe become cool enough for neutral atoms to form (and thus the universe became transparent)?
300,000 years
Electromagnetic radiation of 1 micron wavelength is called
infrared
An example of an object which emits no radiation at all is
any object at a temperature of 0 K
An iron core cannot support a star because iron cannot – with other nuclei to produce energy
fuse
The deviation of a lens from its ideal behavior is referred to as
aberration
What principle is responsible for alternating light and dark bands when light passes through two or more narrow slits?
interference
What is the difference between pressures inside and outside a tire called?
gauge pressure
Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boat floats in both fresh and salt water. Where is the buoyant force greater?
same
According to the quark model, neutrons consists of
2 d-quarks and 1 u-quark
In today’s universe, compared to the number of protons, the number of anti-protons is
considered negligible
