Final

Question 0

Equilibrium Constant

Answer 0

K= product of (product concentration)^n/ product of (reactant concentration)^n

Question 1

Delta(G)= Delta(H) + TxDelta(S)

Answer 1

If Delta(g)0, rxn moves backwards

Question 2

Equilibrium constant (Which side is the reaction at?)

Answer 2

K»1: rxn is on the side of the products
K~1: rxn is in the middle
K«1: rxn is on the side of the reactants

Question 3

Equilibrium constant (for solutions and gases)

Answer 3

Solutions: K(c)=mol/L
Gases K(p)=bar

Question 4

Delta(G) in relation to K

Answer 4

Delta(g)=-RTln(K)

Question 5

Le Chatlier’s Principle

Answer 5

If more pressure is applied to the right of the equation, the equilibrium will shift to the left to compensate for it.

Question 6

Properties of Equilibrium constant

Answer 6

Multiples: K2=K1^n
Reverse: K2=1/K1

Question 7

Arrhenius acids/base (basic info)

Answer 7

Acid: forms H3O+ (hydronium)
Base: forms OH- (with H2O)

Question 8

Bronstedt acid/bases (basic info)

Answer 8

Acid: Donates H+
Base: Accepts proton

Question 9

Lewis acid/base (basic info)

Answer 9

Acid: electron pair acceptor
base: electron pair donor

Question 10

Arrhenius (memorize formulas ACIDS)– HCl HCN and acetic acid

Answer 10

HCl + H2O -> H3O+ + Cl- (strong acid)
HCN + H20 -> H3O+ + CN- (weak acid)
                 O (double bond)
H3C-C<                     + H20 -> Acetic Acid without H + H3O+   (weak)
                 OH (single bond)

Question 11

Arrhenius (NaOH and NH3)– BASES

Answer 11

Strong: NaOH + H2O -> Na+ + OH- + H2O
Weak: NH3 + H2O -> NH4+ + OH-

Question 12

Arrhenius (Bicarbonate two reactions)

Answer 12

HCO3- + H2O -> H3O+ + (CO3)2-

HCO + H2O -> OH- + H2CO3 Acetic acid is unstable
H2CO3 -> H2O + CO2

Question 13

Nonmetal oxides react as ACIDS (SO2, SO3, CO2)

Answer 13

SO2 + H2O -> H2SO3
H2SO3 + H2O -> H3O+ + HSO3-
HSO3- + H2O -> H3O+ +SO3-

Question 14

Alkali and earth alkali metals react as BASES (Na2O, CaO)

Answer 14

Na2O + H2O -> 2NaOH

NaOH + H2O -> Na+ + OH-

Question 15

Oxides on the left side of the period table will act as ___. Oxides on the right will act as __.

Answer 15

• bases

- acids

Question 16

Weak metals can react both ways (amphoteres)– Al2O3

Answer 16

Al2O3 + 6HCL -> 2AlCl3 +3H2O

Al2O3 +2NaOH + 3H2O -> 2[Al(OH)4]- + 2Na+

Question 17

[H2O]

Answer 17

1

Question 18

Water self ionizes (equation)

Answer 18

2H2O -> H3O+ + OH-

Question 19

Equilibrium constant of water

Answer 19

Kw= 10^-14 M^2 @ 25C

Question 20

pH

Answer 20

-log[H3O+]

Question 21

pOH

Answer 21

-log[OH-]

Question 22

pKw

Answer 22

-log(Kw)= -log(-14)= 14

Question 23

Kw=

Answer 23

[H3O+][OH-]