Final Flashcards
Phylum Arthropoda consists of Subphylums
Chelicerata
Crustacea
Myriapoda
Hexapoda
Subphylum Chelicerata consists of Classes
Merostomata
Pycnogonida
Arachnida
Subphylum Crustacea consists of Classes
Branchiopoda
Maxillopoda
Malacostraca
Subphylum Myriapoda consists of Classes
Diplopoda
Chilopoda
Subphylum Hexapoda consists of Class
Insecta
Why is Arthropod so successful?
1) Versatile exoskeleton
2) Tagmatization
3) Efficient gas exchange systems
4) Highly developed sense organs
5) Complex behavior patterns
6) Metamorphosis
Cuticle is composed of
epicuticle
exocuticle
calcified endocuticle
uncalcified endocuticle
Epidermis is composed of
cuboidal epithelia that secretes the cuticle
Epicuticle is
an external surface composed of protein, lipoprotein, with external waxy layer
Procuticle consists
proteins and chitin
Sclerotization to form
sclerotin in the procuticle
Movement is made possible by
the division of the cuticle into separate plates; connection of adjoining plates by a thin, flexible articular membrane; appendages, articulated outgrowths of the body wall; regional specialization of muscles
Dorsal plate is called
tergum
Ventral plate is called
sternum
Lateral plate is called
pleuron
Extrinsic muscles are to
connect the limb to the body
Intrinsic muscles are to
connect wholly within the limb
Flight by indirect musculature requires
dorsoventral muscle contraction pulls tergum towards sternum, providing force for upstroke; then, dorsoventral muscle relaxation and longitudinal muscle contraction arches tergum, providing force for downstroke.
Flight by indirect and direct musculature requires
indirectly dorsoventrally muscle contraction, as before, provide force for upstroke; directly attached to part of the wing itself, direct force provided for the down stroke.
Trancheal system is
extensive network of thin-walled tubes that branch into every part of the body
Spiracule is
a valved opening to the tracheal system, sieve plate to prevent entry of water, dust, etc.
Taenidia is
spiral thickening of the cuticle, tracheal support and prevent collapse
Trachea branch out into
tracheoles which branch into a fine network over cells
Small insects perform their gas transport by
a diffusion gradient, O2 consumption in tracheal system creates a partial vacuum which draws air in
Large insects perform their gas transport by
muscular movements of abdomen pumps air through system
Aquatic insects perform their gas transport
spiracles, usually non-functional; an air bubble can be held over the surface by secreted wax and hairs; in some larval insects, tracheal gills may be present
arthropods have what circulatory system
open
Sense organs of Arthropods are
exo/endoreceptors associated with modifications of the exoskeleton;
Sensillum is
modification of the exoskeleton for the reception of environmental information
