Final Flashcards
Branch of science concerned with the methods of interaction and the effects of ionizing radiation on living systems
Radiobiology
Skin redness
Erythema
The shedding of the outer layers of the skin
Desquamation
Hair loss
Epilation
Concludes that compared to a child or adult a fetus is most radio sensitive
Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau
Refers to the ability I normal tissues to replenish themselves following injury
Repopulation
The time during which a course of radiation is given
Protraction
Unit of radiation quantity
Roentgen
Unit of absorbed dose
Rad
Unit of dose equivalent or occupational exposure
Rem
Gray
Rad
Sievert
Rem
Coulomb/kilogram
Roentgen
What does ICRP stand for?
International commission of radiological protection
What does NCRP stand for?
National council on radiation protection and measurement
What is occupational exposure limit?
5rem per year
Basic unit of structure and fiction of all living things
Cell
How much water makes up a persons total body weight?
80%
Cells that are gametes
Germ cells
Cells that aren’t germ cells
Somatic cells
LET
Linear Energy Transfer
RBE
Relative Biological Effectiveness
OER
Oxygen Enhancement Ratio
The relative effect of LET
RBE
A measure of the rate at which energy is deposited as a charged particle travels through matter
LET
The dose of radiation that produces a given biological response under anoxic conditions divided by the dose of radiation that produces the same biological response under aerobic conditions
OER
What is the most critical target of radiation?
DNA
Assume that there is a radiation level reached below where there are no effects observed
Threshold
Assumes that any radiation will produce an effect
Non threshold
The observed effect is proportional to the radiation dose received
Linear
The observed effect is not proportional to the radiation dose received
Non linear
Line begins above zero
Threshold
Line begins at zero
Non-threshold
What does LD stand for?
Lethal dose
What is the human LD?
50/60
50% of population within 60 days
250-300 rads
What are the 4 response stages?
Prodromal, latent, manifest, death or recovery
What are the 3 radiation syndromes?
Bone marrow, CNS, gastrointestinal
What is the exposure for hematopoietic (bone marrow) syndrome and how many days till death?
200-1,000R
10-60 days
What is the exposure for gastrointestinal syndrome and how many days till death?
1,000-5,000R
4-10 days w/out medical help
2 weeks with
What is the exposure for CNS and how many days till death?
Over 5,000R
0-3 days
When one arm of the chromosome is broken off and does not reattach itself
Terminal deletion
When one arm breaks off, inverts, and reattaches itself
Inversion
When one arm breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome
Duplication
What are the 2 types of structural changes?
Single-break and Double-break
When 2 chromosomes exchange pieces
Translocation
What are the 6 types of radiation-induced malignancies?
Leukemia Skin carcinoma Thyroid cancer Breast cancer Osteosarcoma(bone cancer) Lung cancer
What are the 4 populations that are used as sources of data on the incidence of radiation-induced cancer?
- Atomic bomb survivors
- Medically exposed patients
- Occupation ally exposed personnel
- Populations that receive high natural background exposure
One of the most frequently observed radiation-induced cancers
Leukemia
What did Russell conclude?
There are no unique mutations
What are the 3 stages of development of the fetus?
Pre-implantation
Major organogenesis
Fetal or Growth stage
The theory that ionizing radiation is benign at low levels of exposure, and that doses at the level of natural background radiation can be beneficial
Radiation hormesis
