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Radiobiology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

0
Q

Branch of science concerned with the methods of interaction and the effects of ionizing radiation on living systems

A

Radiobiology

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1
Q

Skin redness

A

Erythema

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2
Q

The shedding of the outer layers of the skin

A

Desquamation

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3
Q

Hair loss

A

Epilation

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4
Q

Concludes that compared to a child or adult a fetus is most radio sensitive

A

Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau

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5
Q

Refers to the ability I normal tissues to replenish themselves following injury

A

Repopulation

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6
Q

The time during which a course of radiation is given

A

Protraction

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7
Q

Unit of radiation quantity

A

Roentgen

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8
Q

Unit of absorbed dose

A

Rad

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9
Q

Unit of dose equivalent or occupational exposure

A

Rem

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10
Q

Gray

A

Rad

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11
Q

Sievert

A

Rem

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12
Q

Coulomb/kilogram

A

Roentgen

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13
Q

What does ICRP stand for?

A

International commission of radiological protection

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14
Q

What does NCRP stand for?

A

National council on radiation protection and measurement

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15
Q

What is occupational exposure limit?

A

5rem per year

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16
Q

Basic unit of structure and fiction of all living things

A

Cell

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17
Q

How much water makes up a persons total body weight?

A

80%

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18
Q

Cells that are gametes

A

Germ cells

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19
Q

Cells that aren’t germ cells

A

Somatic cells

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20
Q

LET

A

Linear Energy Transfer

21
Q

RBE

A

Relative Biological Effectiveness

22
Q

OER

A

Oxygen Enhancement Ratio

23
Q

The relative effect of LET

A

RBE

24
Q

A measure of the rate at which energy is deposited as a charged particle travels through matter

A

LET

25
Q

The dose of radiation that produces a given biological response under anoxic conditions divided by the dose of radiation that produces the same biological response under aerobic conditions

A

OER

26
Q

What is the most critical target of radiation?

A

DNA

27
Q

Assume that there is a radiation level reached below where there are no effects observed

A

Threshold

28
Q

Assumes that any radiation will produce an effect

A

Non threshold

29
Q

The observed effect is proportional to the radiation dose received

A

Linear

30
Q

The observed effect is not proportional to the radiation dose received

A

Non linear

31
Q

Line begins above zero

A

Threshold

32
Q

Line begins at zero

A

Non-threshold

33
Q

What does LD stand for?

A

Lethal dose

34
Q

What is the human LD?

A

50/60

50% of population within 60 days

250-300 rads

35
Q

What are the 4 response stages?

A

Prodromal, latent, manifest, death or recovery

36
Q

What are the 3 radiation syndromes?

A

Bone marrow, CNS, gastrointestinal

37
Q

What is the exposure for hematopoietic (bone marrow) syndrome and how many days till death?

A

200-1,000R

10-60 days

38
Q

What is the exposure for gastrointestinal syndrome and how many days till death?

A

1,000-5,000R

4-10 days w/out medical help
2 weeks with

39
Q

What is the exposure for CNS and how many days till death?

A

Over 5,000R

0-3 days

40
Q

When one arm of the chromosome is broken off and does not reattach itself

A

Terminal deletion

41
Q

When one arm breaks off, inverts, and reattaches itself

A

Inversion

42
Q

When one arm breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome

A

Duplication

43
Q

What are the 2 types of structural changes?

A

Single-break and Double-break

44
Q

When 2 chromosomes exchange pieces

A

Translocation

45
Q

What are the 6 types of radiation-induced malignancies?

A 
Leukemia
Skin carcinoma
Thyroid cancer
Breast cancer
Osteosarcoma(bone cancer)
Lung cancer
46
Q

What are the 4 populations that are used as sources of data on the incidence of radiation-induced cancer?

A
  1. Atomic bomb survivors
  2. Medically exposed patients
  3. Occupation ally exposed personnel
  4. Populations that receive high natural background exposure
47
Q

One of the most frequently observed radiation-induced cancers

A

Leukemia

48
Q

What did Russell conclude?

A

There are no unique mutations

49
Q

What are the 3 stages of development of the fetus?

A

Pre-implantation
Major organogenesis
Fetal or Growth stage

50
Q

The theory that ionizing radiation is benign at low levels of exposure, and that doses at the level of natural background radiation can be beneficial

A

Radiation hormesis

Radiobiology (1 decks)

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