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Biology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

G1 Phase

A

cell grows

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2
Q

S Phase

A

DNA replicated

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3
Q

G2 Phase

A
  • makes proteins

- prepares for cell division

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4
Q

Prophase

A
  • DNA condenses into chromosomes
  • loses nucleolus and nuclear envelope
  • centrioles replicated and moves to poles
  • mitotic spindle attaches
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5
Q

Metaphase

A
  • spindle fibers attach to centromere

- chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

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6
Q

Anaphase

A

chromosomes pulled apart

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7
Q

Telophase

A

chromosomes start to disassemble

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8
Q

Cytokinesis

A
  • separation of the two cells
  • cell pinches / cell plate forms
  • nuclear envelope starts to reappear
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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

fluid that supports organelles

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10
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

controls transport in and out of the nucleus

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11
Q

Nucleolus

A

starting point for ribosome manufacture

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12
Q

Nucleus

A

control center of the cell that contains genetic info

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13
Q

Ribosome

A

puts together proteins

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14
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

system of tubes where proteins are synthesized

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15
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

system of tubes used for cell detox

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16
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

system of tubes that processes proteins for export/use in the cell

17
Q

Lysosome

A

modifies/packages materials into vesicles for export/cell use

18
Q

Vacuole/Vesicle

A

general storage container

19
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Powerhouse of the cell/converts food to usable energy

20
Q

Chloroplast

A

pigments convert light into cell energy

21
Q

Microtubules

A

maintains shape of the cell/helps cell and chromosome movement

22
Q

Mcicrofilament

A

creates movement in cytoplasm and supports cell

23
Q

Cell Wall

A

supports and protects plant cells

24
Q

Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

A 
Prokaryotic:
circular chromosomes
no nucleus
no organelles
divide through binary fission (division)
daughter cells are genetically identical
Eukaryotic:
linear chromosomes
have nucleus
membrane bound organelles
divide through mitosis
daughter cells are genetically identical
25
Q

Similarities Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

A 
Prokaryotic:
Cell Membranes
DNA
Cytoplasm
Synthesis Proteins
Eukaryotic:
Cell Membranes
DNA
Cytoplasm 
Synthesis Proteins
26
Q

Diploid vs. Haploid

A 
Diploid
mitosis
somatic
body
autosomal
full set of DNA 46 chromosomes
23 pairs
Haploid 
meiosis
sex cells
gametes
half the genetic DNA of regular cells
23 chromosomes

Biology (3 decks)

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