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Final Flashcards

1
Q

Who contributed to Neobehaviorism

A

Guthrie, Tolman, Hull (Skinner)

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2
Q

Neobehaviorism

A

Core is to study learning

Psych. must adopt principle of operationism

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3
Q

Operationism

A

Validity of scientific findings depends on validity of operations

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4
Q

Edward Tolman

A

“Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men”

T-Maze

Latency

Cognitive maps

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5
Q

Purposive Behaviorism

A

Behavior is goal oriented, not random behavior

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6
Q

Latency Learning

A

Learning you can’t see until reinforcement is introduced

Overtime latency grows shorter

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7
Q

Cumulative Response Recorder

A

Schedules of reinforcement

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8
Q

Tolman Learning Theory

A

Learning & Performance ;

reinforcement has little influence on learning

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9
Q

Sign Gestalts

A

Learned relationship b/w environment & organisms expectations

Expectancy= Motivation

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10
Q

Kurt Lewin

A

Field theory
Study of Conflicts
Leadership

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11
Q

Field Theory

A

Life space w. goal objects that repel or attract you

Maintain homeostasis

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12
Q

Zeigarnik Effect

A

People tend to remember incomplete tasks rather than complete

(Lewin)

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13
Q

Clark Hull

A

“Principles of Behavior”

Clinical Hypnosis & makes it respectable field

Motivational Cycle

Hypothetical construct

Strength of S-R connection (Habit Strength

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14
Q

Motivational Cycle

A

Need-> Drives-> Exploratory Behavior-> Goal-> Consummatory Behavior-> Drive Reduction

Drive reduction- sometimes doesn’t equal need reduction

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15
Q

Drives

A

Basis of motivation is physiological deficits

Reduction of drive sole basis of reinforcement

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16
Q

What is the strength of drive determined by

A

Intensity, strength

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17
Q

Secondary drives

A

Reductions of primary drives

Incentive-motivation
Didn’t know we want until we saw

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18
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

Applies psych. principles to every day

Programmed txtbk

Aircrib

“Walden II”

Logical positivist/ radical behaviorist

Reinforcement schedules
(Skinner Box)

No experiments,

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19
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Social Cognitive Theory

Observe human interaction

Vicarious reinforcement

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20
Q

Guthrie

A

Contiguity- Molecular View

In order for behavior to happen, movement is needed

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21
Q

Contiguity Theory

A

Movement-based associations

w. each trial, new associations made (w/o reinforcement)

Building a habit

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22
Q

Vicarious reinfocement

23
Q

Rotter

A

Developed cognitive form of behaviorism.

We learn behavior through social experiences

I-E Scale - internal/external attributions to success

Locus of control (internal/external)

24
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

Kohler, Koffka,

Looking at the whole person/problem. Problems as a matter of perception

25
Kohler
Insight Learning | Problem solving depends on ability to perceive
26
Koffka
"Perception" | Principle of closure
27
Freud
Psychoanalysis
28
Charcot
Frued studied under him, tried to transform treatment of mental patients
29
Breuer
Developed technique for people w/ neurotic disorders "chimney sweeping" ANNA O
30
Ernest Jones
Official biographer for Freud
31
Frued's Contributions
Contributed to many other fields (Philosophy - Good Thinker) (Art- Unconscious motivation) (Literature- Hidden motives) Scientific inquiry of dreams "The Interpretation of Dreams" Developed Personality Theory Human treatment of mental illness -> psychic treatment for psychic disorders Measurement Reconstruct Personality
32
Criticisms of Freud
``` Cocaine revolution Infant sexuality Assessment of women (Hysteria) Sexual Seduction Theory Psychoanalyzed daughter himself Fallouts of relationships because of disagreements ```
33
Anna Frued
Play Therapy - psychoanalysis of children Developed defense mechanisms
34
Carl Jung
Analytic Psych. Collective unconscious -Archetypes Attitudes- Beginning of typology in Personality Theory Began Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
35
Archetypes
Personna (Mask) Many roles in life Animus/Anima - Male side/Women side Shadow- Free of boundaries Self- Active part of a person
36
Jung Attitudes
Introversion | Extroversion
37
Jung Basic functions
Thinking Feeling Intuition Sensing Each of us have a favored way to deal with the world
38
Alfred Adler
Goal is to be competent; strive for superiority Inferiority Complex Overcompensation
39
Overcompensation
Devoting self to incompetence areas & you become dedicated to error
40
Karen Horney
Role conflict in women- Neurotic women Babies have basic anxiety, caregivers job to tame insecurity. Those who don't develop neurotic needs Womb envy
41
Neurotic Needs
Moving towards people Neurotic movement away from people (isolation) Moving against others (Cant control aggression)
42
Gordon Allport
Trait Theory Allport Vernon Lindsey Study of Values (Early career inventory) "Functional Autonomy of Motives"
43
Murray
Biological needs determine everything else Author of Thematic Apperception Test Added traits to Frueds needs Claustraliorial Urethral
44
Thematic Apperception Test
Allows access to unconscious thinking; discover continuing themes
45
Harry Sullivan
Personality is the sum total of your relationships w. others. Exist as a social mechanism; can only be changed by others
46
Humanistic Psych
Psychoanalysis & Behaviorism two main forces Positive side of people Total person States of awareness Self- Actualization
47
Abraham Maslow
Grandfather of Humanistic Psych Hierarchy of Needs
48
Hierarchy of needs
Physiological needs Safety & Security needs Love & Belongingness Building Self-Esteem Self-Actualization
49
Zeitgeist of the 1960s
``` Protests (Civil rights, Vietnam) Drugs - Increasing states of awareness Rock n Roll - Deviating from conformity Anti-materialistic ```
50
What did Humanistic Psych leave behind?
Broadened interest in Psych (self-awareness) Healthy, conscious, normal people
51
Carl Rogers
Non-Directive Psychotherapy Change in relationship b/w patients & relationships Goal is for patient to develop insight
52
Non-directive psychotherapy
Constant reflection & support | Client in charge of change
53
Rogers theory of personality
Caregivers must provide unconditional positive regard, but most children receive conditional positive regard
54
Cognitive psych
Study of behavior & mental processes George Muller & Ulrich Neisser

History Psych (1 decks)

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