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Positioning > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

0
Q

Centering for ap bilateral from mod cleaves for the pelvis

A

Perpendicular to a point 3 inches below the level of Asis ( 1 in superior to pubic symphysis

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1
Q

Centering for ap pelvis

A

Perpendicular entering midway between level of Asis and pubic symphysis about 2 in inferior to Asis

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2
Q

How much do you abduct femora in bilateral cleaves ?

A

40-45 from vertical (ensure both are abducted same amount )

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3
Q

Less abduction of ___ in mod cleaves will have what affect on femora

A

20-30 provides least amount of foreshortening of femoral necks, however provides foreshortening of entire femora

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4
Q

centering for Ap axial outlet Taylor method

A

Cephalad 20-35 for males and 30-45 for females @ midline point 1-2 inches inferior to superior border of pubic symphysis or greater trochanters

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5
Q

Centering for ap axial inlet projection

A

40 caudad near perpendicular to plane of inlet at midline point of level of asis

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6
Q

Centering for posterior oblique (judet method)

A

Downside: centered 2 inches distal and 2 in medial to ASIs

Upside: perpendicular to 2 in distal to upside of ASIs

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7
Q

How much do you oblique pt for judet method

A

45 degrees

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8
Q

What column is seen on upside of judet method ? Downside?

A

Downside: ilioischial column
Upside: iliopubic column

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9
Q

Centering for posterior axial oblique acetabulum (teufel)

A

1 inch superior to level of greater trochanter and approximately 2 in lateral to msp

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10
Q

Patient position for teufel method

A

Patient semiprone forming 35-40 degree angle from tabletop

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11
Q

Ap unilateral hip centering

A

Directed 1-2 inches distal to mid femoral necks

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12
Q

2 ways to find femoral necks

A

1-2 in medial, 3-4 inch distal ASIS

Midpoint of ASIs and Pubic symphysis , head of femur is at right angles from the midpoint and 1.5 distal neck is 2.5 in distal

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13
Q

What is a colcher-Sussman ruler

A

Used to measure the inlet and outlet of mothers pelvis and the baby’s head

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14
Q

Outlet is measured by ?

A

Measured by a line between two ischial tuberosity’s in the tip of the coccyx

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15
Q

What is it inlet measured by

A

The brim of the pelvis

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16
Q

Where are ischial tuberositys located

A

1 1/2 -2 inch below pubic symphysis

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17
Q

What does the pelvis mean

A

Basin

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18
Q

Pelvis consists of what

A

To hipbones sacrum and coccyx

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19
Q

What is the other name for the hip bones

A

Ossa coxae & innominate bones

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20
Q

Three divisions of hip bones what how much do they make up ?

A

Ischium: posterior 2/5
Ilium: upper 2/5
Pubis: 1/5 of acetabulum anteriorly

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21
Q

Curve located inferior to ischial spine? Superior ?

A

Inferior : lesser sciatic notch

Superior: greater sciatic notch

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22
Q

3 parts of the pubis

A

The body, superior ramis &inferior Ramis

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23
Q

What is cephalopelvimetry? What replaced it?

A

Measure the inlet and outlet to see if baby head would fit in birth canal replaced by ultrasound

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24
Q

How much do the femur and legs have to be rotated to place the femoral neck parallel with the IR

A

15-20

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25
Q

To common sites of fractures in elderly

A

Femoral neck and intertrochanteric crest

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26
Q

What is the a key in determining correct leg and foot position on radiographic image

A

Lesser trochanter is visible or not

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27
Q

Typical sign for fracture of femoral neck

A

External rotation of foot

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28
Q

Appearance of proximal femur for ap or external rotation is ?

A

Lesser trochanter visible

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29
Q

What is ddh

A

Development dysphasia of hip joint; congenital deformation misalignment of hip joint

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30
Q

Trauma lateral axiolateral inferosuperior danelius miller method centering

A

Ir is placed in crease above iliac crest adjusted so that it is parallel to femoral neck
-perpendicular to the central ray and femoral neck

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31
Q

What do you need to do with leg unless contraindicated in danelius miller method

A

Rotate internally 15-20

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32
Q

What is the lauenstein hickey method

A

Patient is rotated onto affected side until the femur is in contact in parallel to the IR

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33
Q

Lauenstein hickey method better demonstrates what?

A

Head and acetabulum

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34
Q

Modified axiolateral Clements nakayama method central Ray

A

Angled medially as needed so that it is perpendicular and centered to femoral neck… It should be angled 15 to 20 From horizontal

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35
Q

How should IR be placed in Clements nakayama

A

Ir tilted 15 from vertical and face ir perpendicular to cr

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36
Q

How much should leg be abducted for modified cleaves of the hip

A

45

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37
Q

What is the optimum abduction of the legs in modifed cleaves for the hip and proximal femur ?

A

20-30 to prevent foreshortening and better demonstration of femoral necks

38
Q

Central Ray for ap femur

A

Perpendicular to mid femur top of Ir at level of ASIs and bottom of ir 2 in below knee joint

39
Q

For ap of femur with knee included rotate leg

A

5

40
Q

For ap femur with hip included rotate leg

A

15-20

41
Q

Lateral of femur centering and leg flexed?

A

Center mid femur and knee is flexed 45 degrees on affected leg

42
Q

Centering for sternum

A

Directed at center of sternum (1 in left of midline and midway between jugular notch and xiphoid process)

43
Q

Position for sternum

A

Patient obliques 15-20 RAO thinner pt is 20, larger patient less rotation

44
Q

Where should the top of the ir be for the sternum

A

1.5 inch above jugular notch

45
Q

Breathing instructions for sternum exam?

A

Orthostatic for a min of 2 seconds otherwise on suspended expiration

46
Q

How can you determine the amount of rotation for a sternum

A

Placing one hand on the spinous process in one on the sternum to determine when they are superimposed

47
Q

Sternum may be performed ___ if patient condition doesn’t permit ____

A

May be performed lpo if RAO can’t be performed

48
Q

How long is the sternum

A

6 to 7 inches

49
Q

For a lateral sternum what is the Sid

A

60 to 72 inches is recommended to reduce magnification caused by an increased OID is 40 inches is used a bigger IR may be needed

50
Q

Centering for a lateral Sternum

A

Perpendicular to IR entering at center of sternum

51
Q

What is the alternative position for a lateral sternum

A

Patient supine with use of horizontal beam

52
Q

Central ray for sternoclavicular joints

A

Perpendicular center t2-t3 (3 in distal to vertebral prominens)

53
Q

Breathing instructions for sternoclavicular joints

A

Expose on expiration

54
Q

Sternoclavicular joints bilaterally exam head placement

A

Rest patient had so midsagittal plane is vertical

55
Q

Patient head position for unilateral exam

A

Turn patient head towards affected side

56
Q

Sternoclavicular oblique central ray

A

T2-t3 (1-2 inches lateral?)

57
Q

How much do you rotate the patient for sternoclavicular oblique projection

A

15-20 in the anterior oblique position toward affected side

58
Q

RAO of sc joint will best demonstrate:

LAO of sc joint will best demonstrate:

A

RAO: right side
Lao: left side

59
Q

What do you do if patient cannot do pa oblique for sc joint

A

Do them ap

60
Q

How else can obliques be obtained for SC joints

A

Angling the center Ray 15° across the patient to project sternoclavicular joint lateral to vertebrae

61
Q

Posterior ribs central Ray: AD? BD?

A

AD: 3-4 inches below jugular notch (T7) top of ir should be 1.5 in above shoulders

BD: centered to xiphoid process( bottom of ir at iliac crest)

62
Q

Anterior ribs central Ray

A

Perpendicular to t7

63
Q

Axiallary ribs central Ray

A

Midway between lateral margins of ribs and spine
AD: 3-4 below jugular notch
BD: level of xiphoid process

64
Q

To demonstrate axillary portion of ribs rotate patient ?

A

Right: RPO & LAO
Left: LPO & RAO

65
Q

What is the first and only requirement in the initial radiographic exam of a patient who has sustained severe trauma to rib cage

A

Take ap and lateral chest

66
Q

Sternum consist of what three parts

A

Manubrium body and xiphoid process

67
Q

What does the bony thorax consist of

A

The sternum thoracic vertebra and 12 pairs of ribs

68
Q

What are the secondary names for the jugular notch

A

Suprasternal notch and manubrial notch

69
Q

What is the only bony connection between each shoulder girdle in the bony thorax

A

Sternoclavicular joints

70
Q

Where is the sternal angle located

A

T4-t5

71
Q

Where does the body of the sternum meet the manubrium

A

Sternal angle

72
Q

Xiphoid process also means what

A

Swordlike

73
Q

Xiphoid tip is located at what level

A

T9-t10

74
Q

Into your ribs do not unite directly with the sternum but with a short piece of cartilage called what

A

Costocartilage

75
Q

What are the true ribs

A

First seven pair

76
Q

What are the false ribs

A

Eight through 12

77
Q

What are the floating ribs

A

11 and 12

78
Q

What is intercostal spaces

A

The space between the ribs

79
Q

The ribs are situated in an oblique plane slanting anteriorly and inferior anterior ends lie how many inches below the level of their vertebral ends

A

3 to 5 inches

80
Q

What are the two ends of each rib

A

Sternal and and vertebral and

81
Q

Three parts of a typical rib

A

The head neck and tubercles

82
Q

What is the Costal groove

A

Located along the inferior and Internal border of each rib

83
Q

If the first three ribs are fractured he could injure what

A

The vessels

84
Q

Where is the bony thorax the widest

A

At the lateral margins of the eighth or ninth rib

85
Q

What is the articulation between tubercle of rib and the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra

A

Costotransverse joint

86
Q

What is the articulation between the head of the rib in the body of the thoracic Vertebra

A

Costovertebral joint

87
Q

why do we perform a RAO of the sternum

A

Shifts the sternum to left of t-spine and into homogenous shadow of the heart

88
Q

what sid produces quality images of the sternum it also results in an increase in the radiation exposure to the patient and is not recommended

A

30 inch

89
Q

Patient’s skin should be at least how many centimeters below the surface of the collimator

A

15 in (38 cm)

90
Q

What is flail chest

A

Fracture of adjacent ribs into or more places cause by blunt trauma and associated with pulmonary injury can lead to instability of chest wall

91
Q

What is pectus carinatum ?

A

Congenital defect caused by anterior protrusion of lower sternum and xiphoid usually a by nine condition but could lead to cardio pulmonary complications

92
Q

What is pectus excavatum

A

Funnel chest: congenital condition characterized by depressed sternum often corrected surgically for cosmetic reasons

Positioning (1 decks)

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