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Soci 2091 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

0
Q

What is a society?

A

A group of people who share the same culture and territory.

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1
Q

What are the three purposes of education?

A

Socialization, sorting, legitimization and organization of info

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2
Q

What are the three schooled society implications?

A

Every person can make a decision.
They can be reactive or proactive.
SES is not deterministic, but rather probabilistic as people don’t like to change.

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3
Q

What is the theory overview of the functionalist?

A

Stability, interconnected ness, and equilibrium

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4
Q

What is a schooled society?

A

It is where formal education has taken place, and it is a central view within the society and peoples lives.

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5
Q

What is a macro theory?

A

It looks at the big picture

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6
Q

What is a middle range theory?

A

It doesn’t look at the picture or the specifics.

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7
Q

What is a micro theory?

A

It looks at the specifics.

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8
Q

What sins the functinalist view?

A

They are the happy theory.
It looks at relationships between social structures.
Everything works together and agrees or else society would fail.
The natural state is to be healthy and stable.

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9
Q

Functionalist traditional vs. modern society

A

In the 1990s the society was change as religion was now on the decline. In the modern society, there was a rise of individualism. People were now making personal connections and helping themselves. They had the option to move to different socioeconomic statuses as they would be working at it themselves. The education system was built to keep things in place and give the societal views to all the students so they too could follow the societal rules.

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10
Q

Who was the theorist for the functionalist theory’s?

A

Emile Durkheim

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11
Q

What did Emile Durkheim believe?

A

Collective conscience:shared beliefs and moral attitudes that act as a used force within society.
He as a passionate and practical theorist. He tested out his theories and really cared about his students. He had a heart attack when his students went away because they were all dying. Society has to divide people up or it would fail. The education system holds up society instead of religion

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12
Q

What did the conflict theory believe?

A

They believed that society is always struggling for power, ands if a place had power it was because they had economic resources in scarce natural resources. They that society keeps the lower class lower and keeps giving the upper class more privileges. There will be conflict because of the way society is set up and from e underprivileged.

Capitalistic society: where the rich will contend to be rich while the lower classes have to work hard and sell their labour to pay their bills. They spend less time with their children making them suffer more.

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13
Q

What is a capitalistic society?

A

Divided by those in possession in power and those who are not. Those people who are not in power must sell their labour to be able to survive and pay their bills.

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14
Q

What is collective conscience?

A

Starred beliefs and moral attitudes that act as a unified force with society.

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15
Q

What theorist does the conflict theory have?

A

Karl Marx

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16
Q

What did Karl Marx believe?

A

He believed that society was set up to keep the poor in no power while keeping the rich rich.

He believed in the education workplace fit where everyone is taught the basic skills so everyone will be able to work in here fast food industry.

Ruling class ideology… Schools show the inequality in society. They schools keep reinforcing this inequality though.

Correspondence principle… Education system reinforces get status quo.

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17
Q

What is the ruling class ideology

A

Reinforces the idea that the society keeps the inequalities in place.

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18
Q

What is education workplace fit?

A

This is where everyone is trained to know the basics.

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19
Q

What is the correspondence principle?

A

Education system reinforces the inequalities in society, and this is where they are the Most visual.

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20
Q

What is the symbolic interaction it’s views? What is the educational focus?

A

They believe that society has many different symbols that could be pictures, languages, etc. that people place meaning to to allow them to create a world view and communicate with one another. Each person will have a different meaning depending on their own experiences. Ex. Marriage, cheating, aunt, etc.

Educational focuses is the socialization and the teachers influence within the classroom.

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21
Q

What is ability grouping?

A

It is where students are grouped in the classroom based on herein academic abilities. Most teachers are not aware they are doing this thus cannot stop it. It is mostly the newer teachers who do it without being aware.

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22
Q

What did Robert rosenthal believe and what theory did he belong to?

A

He looked at how teachers non verbal cue affected the children. Ht observed the self fulfilling prophecy and the looking glass self.

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23
Q

What theorist did symbolic interactionists have?

A

Robert mead and Charles Cooley

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24
Q

What did Charles Cooley believe ?

A

He thought the self was social and you continues urs to develop it throughout ones life. Your self will change depending on your experiences. He developed the self concept and looking glass self.

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25
Q

What is a self concept

A

This is when you can see yourself as a separate entity

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26
Q

Looking glass self

A

How you think others perceive you. It is a vicious cycle and is not accurate but we still believe it.

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27
Q

Self fulfilling prophecy

A

This is when you make up an idea that you will believe enough to make it come true even if it isn’t. Ex. If you say you will fail an exam before going in, then you will be more likely to.

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28
Q

What is the three step process to the looking glass self?

A
  1. You try to see how others see you.
  2. You look at other peoples reactions and then make a decision about who you are.
  3. Develop a selfie concept.

This is an unconscious process and very inaccurate.

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29
Q

What did George Mead believe and what theory?

A

Symbolic interactionists.
He believed that we talk to ourselves and respond to sic create a sense of our self. He came up with role taking and role learning as well. He believed that the self is developed when you understand the moral code and if you don’t you might have a mental illness.

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30
Q

What is role taking?

A

You take on the view point of another person and act as they would respond. Ex. A job interview.

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31
Q

What is role learning?

A

This is what you expect of others and learning what they expect of you.

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32
Q

What are the three stages of role taking?

A
  1. Prepatory/imitation stage. 1-2 years old ands you just imitate others around you.
  2. Play stage. 3-4 years of age and kids will take on a characteristic of a. Person and act it out.
  3. Game stage. 5+years and the child can take on many roles at the same time. Ex. If your at a baseball game you are a watcher but also can put yourself in the role of a baseball player and be in an environment. The sub step to this is the generalized other which is when the child is able to take on all the roles and the environment at the same time. If a child does not reach this stage they will be a loner and mental illness.
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33
Q

What are the three purposes of education?

A

Socialization
Selection
Organization and legitimization of knowledge

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34
Q

What is socialization?

A

It is the idea of giving the students the knowledge of the societal values, beliefs, norms, etc. it starts at birth and continues throughout the persons entire life.

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35
Q

What does modern functionalists believe in regards to socialization?

A

They believe that schools are supposed to give these messages so that the children will know how to fit into society easily. They will make it continue to function, without this the society could fail

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36
Q

What is cultural transmission and what purpose of education does it fit in within?

A

Cultural transmission is giving the students the necessary knowledge about the societal values, norms, dominant and core values.

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37
Q

What is conflicts theory response in regards to socialization?

A

They believe that schools do this to keep the inequalities in place. He socialization with lower grades will correspond to get lower jobs and vies versa for high class.

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38
Q

What is neo Marx view in regards to socialization?

A

They believe that the education is aware of the inequalities and are now putting things in place to help the children like breakfast programs.

39
Q

What is selection?

A

Selection is the process of judging and sorting students in education to fit their corresponding SES.

40
Q

What do the functionalists believe in regards to selection?

A

They believe that selection has to happen to fill all the different roles in society. They believe that schools are very effective in doing this. Schools will sort and judge the students, then teach them all the basic skills and finally hold the lower class accountable for their work.

41
Q

What is stratification?

A

It is the process of dividing society up based on their wealth and power.

42
Q

What is conflict theory view in regards to selection?

A

It just shows the inequalities and that society wants to keep it this ways.

43
Q

What is cultural capital (Pierre bourdieu)?

A

This is the well known symbols in society to show the rich upper classes. Lower class can acquire it, but it would be very difficult and a lot of work for them.

44
Q

What is linguistic codes?

A

These are he he different ways each SES class speaks. Against this disadvantages the lower class because they are less educated and tend to use slang. This makes the students have to relearn how to talk and creates a barrier in the working field for adults.

45
Q

What sits social capital?

A

It is the personal connections that we make with others. It is the relationships and resources. It is all about who you know.

46
Q

What is organize and legitimiz knowledge?

A

This is where we teach children about the world, but we only teach what our culture deems as important. We only teach students the ways they should learn and what they should know.

47
Q

What do functionalists believe in regards to organize and legit. Information?

A

They say that so many people are consumed in believing that one day they will have themselves together.

48
Q

What does conflict theory believe in regards to organize and legit knowledge?

A

They believe that there is a credential inflation. Now that more people are getting post secondar degree… It is no longer something of higher classes. In order to seem as higher class you have to do your masters.

49
Q

What is a hidden curriculum?

A

Anything that you teach that is not academics related. It is the societal values.

50
Q

What is the curriculum referred to we in schools?

A

It is the stuffing in our schools. It allows us to teach societal values and do norms, and show what is important to our culture.

51
Q

What is creationism?

A

Ts is the belief in your society that there is a higher power who us many people refer to as god. There is also another view that involves an open mind. This is called evolution theory. It is the idea that we started as another creature like a monkey and have evolved over a very long time to become a human being.

52
Q

What is progressive education?

A

It is humanistic, egalitarian, and student centred. It focuses on individual students and their unique qualities. It recognizes that every student is different and we should take this into consideration. Today we have a more diverse and thought provoking place with no back to basics.

53
Q

What is back to basics?

A

It is all about the three r’s. It loves standardized testing to keep the students and the teacher accountable.

54
Q

What are the three principals of back to basics?

A
  1. The elementary curriculum should focus on the basics of reading writing and math only. Once the students have mastered the basic skills the they can move on.
  2. The secondary curriculum should focus on science math and history. This will give the students opportunity to use their elementary basics in a larger variety of courses.
  3. Learning requires hard work and discipline which this theory would help the children develop.
55
Q

What are the three back to basic movement beliefs?

A
  1. Standardize testing allows the ministry to compare grades to make sure the he children are learning what they need to learn.
  2. If the grades do not increase then it is evident that the teacher is not teaching effectively, thus the students are not learning what they are supposed to.
  3. Regular teacher testing to make sure that they have up to date knowledge for the students in the classroom.
56
Q

What is phonics?

A

It is an approach to teaching the basics of the phonics..reading and writing.

57
Q

What is the whole language approach?

A

They believe that students need motivation to learn and a lot of different resources available to them so they can choose something interesting. They also believes that kids learn through immersion and integration.

58
Q

Who are the advocates for back to basics?

A

Employers
Educators
Parents
12 years we tend to switch between progressive and back to basics education.

59
Q

What are the advantages for back to basics?

A

Keep students and teachers accountable.
Gives back the authority to the teachers.
The students are better at reading and writing.

60
Q

What are the disadvantages of back to the basics?

A

Weighed down by tests.

Takes away creativity in the classroom.

61
Q

What is testing?

Functionalist view? Conflict?

A

Testing is useful for assessing the students or seeing where they are at. The functionalist believes that this needs to be done. The conflict theorists see it as a way to keep the inequalities in place. Although testing is a good thing there are many things people don’t like about it.

62
Q

What are six criticisms about testing?

A
  1. takes up teaching time
  2. Some kids will simply not pass
  3. Doesn’t change anything
  4. It is simply a snap of one day
  5. Doesn’t accurately measure the school or teacher performance
  6. Hurts minority students and not accurate.
63
Q

When universities first came out who could go to them?

A

The elite and typically men

64
Q

What happened when universities opened?

A

It did not mean they would survive. For example Dalhousie Univeristy. It opened in 1831 but didn’t have its first student until 1838. It closed in 1845 and then reopened in 1863.

65
Q

What did Carleton university do?

A

They lowered their academic standards to be able to let more people in however this creates a snowball effect and still suffer from this today. They still have this image that if you cannot get into any school you will get in there.

66
Q

In 1871 how Many students were in our 17 universities?

A

1500

67
Q

What was the male university experience?

A

They had a much better experience than women. Their lives were very structured. If they missed church or class or pissed off the main campus people then their degrees were in jeopardy and there lives would be a living hell. They had to act proper and show up to do dwell.

68
Q

What was the women’s experience in university?

A

They were not well accepted in the university environment. They were harassed but also were thought that they would not be able to handle the knowledge they would be learning. They could go to few universities and upper class had more opportunities. The man was worried it would harm the women but didn’t look at the lower class who were working in paper mills. Lockhart in 1875 was the first woman to graduate with a science and literature degree. Typically women could only take courses that were geared towards them like art.

Lastly, women were not accepted into Toronto or other universities for medical schools, only queens. However the opening of the women’s hospital did help this situation.

69
Q

What year did the male to female ratio equal out in universities?

A

1980s

70
Q

What happened after World War Two?

A

Everyone had access to education. Grade eight became the norm, and then later grade 12. People started going to universities while they were not prepared for this. Thus colleges started.

71
Q

What were the functions of a post secondary degree?

A

It was a sorting method. Some jobs just want a degree to show you have the proper school training to get a job there.

Transmits knowledge and skills to the employers.

72
Q

In the 1950-60 what percentage did the enrolment of school go up?

A

400%

73
Q

What did college allow students to do?

A

Allowed them to get an education that they may not have been successful in doing at university.

74
Q

What is a credential society?

A

It is a society where schooling is needed. Today we need a high school diploma to do anything, but in the future we will see this increase to a postal secondary institution. The employers want as degree to get a job.

75
Q

Why does college have a negative reputation?

A 
Don't need a high average
Lower workload
Shorter programs
More involvement with profs
Difference in salary
76
Q

What are three distinct purposes that college serves?

A
  1. Provides training that leads directly to a job
  2. More practical for jobs
  3. Provides higher education for those who don’t like school.
    4.
77
Q

What are three concerns about college?

A
  1. They quickly produce trained workers
  2. They don’t train people for jobs that are up and coming
  3. It is a cooling down place.
78
Q

What are universities supposed to do?

A
  1. Thinking vs. training. We are supposed to be a place of critical thinking.
  2. We are supposed to be a place where our wealth of knowledgable people work together
  3. A place of honesty and freedom
  4. A place of early governance
79
Q

Key facts about university. Name them,

A

Cost of universities keep going up.
In canada there is no emphasis on what schools to attend but in the states there are ivy leagues. You see a lot of students are not attending the ivy leagues because of the price.
Average age Is twenty five.

There is a shift from student merit to student consumerism.

80
Q

What is education consumerism?

A

The quality of the education takes a back seat in university as students are paying for their education so we have to make them happy.

81
Q

What Is student entitlement?

A

Since the students are paying for their degree they expect tog eat the grades they want without putting the effort into their work.

82
Q

Why do we have student entitlement? There are three reasons.

A
  1. We want things and we want them now. There is no sense of delayed gratification.
  2. The education system caters to the students and they are truly not prepared for the higher education system.
  3. Students consumerism has mentally led to them feeling entitled.
83
Q

What does it mean to compensate?

A

It means to weigh one thing against another to create a balance.

84
Q

How many children live in poverty?

A

Over one million

85
Q

What is event driven poverty?

A

Poverty that has resulted due to a sudden change in a persons life. This could be an accident, death, divorce etc.

86
Q

What is compensatory education?

A

It is an education system that has implemented the helping hands that some children needs. They are programs that have been brought into schools to help the students succeed like the breakfast programs to help the students in hue he low income succeed. These are the students who are most likely to have a learning disability but cannot afford the help.

87
Q

What are low achievers?

A

These are the students who are consistently doing poorly in the class. It usually starts in kindergarten.

88
Q

What is the condition of poverty?

A

Students who live in neighbourhoods with lots of poverty tend to be more stressed and nervous, crime, and crowding distracting factors.

89
Q

What are the causal factors from the poor students ?

A
  1. They have more health issues
  2. Overcrowding and stress at home
  3. lack of parental knowledge
  4. Lack of parental reinforcements in regards to societal norms
90
Q

What is the chronic activation level?

A

Learn to require many stimulation changes and are unable to function in stable and unstimulating environments.

91
Q

What are the four things that the social status deficit theory believe in?

A
  1. Homogenous grouping, tracking: teachers can’t just go around.
  2. Poor teaching conditions
  3. Low standards of achievements
  4. Lack of previous success.
92
Q

What is the threshold point?

A

This is the point in a poor community school where they cannot operate effectively. The magic number is 35-45%

93
Q

What is self regulated learning?

A

Successful leaners construct their own feedback loop to inform themselves on what they can improve on and modify as it is needed.

94
Q

What is the sleeper effect?

A

Longitudinal effect in low status children involved in the preschool programs. It is effective in primary grades but loves the effect in middle grades. In secondary compensatory education is effective.

95
Q

What is the rebound effect?

A

Students enter some sort of skill development program in he high they require skills and knowledge they have previously forgotten.

96
Q

What is the threshold theory?

A

Some environments jeopardizes the development of child and once a threshold point is crossed over, the student can no longer develop.

Soci 2091 (1 decks)

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