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final Flashcards

0
Q

if amniotic fluid is collected early 15-18 weeks most likely being to collected to determine what

A

congental and genetic disorders

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1
Q

amoniotic fluid is collected pregnancy for sex determination,predict HDN (hemolic disease) name 2 other reasons

A

dx of congential and genetic disorders

assess fetal pulmonary maturity

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2
Q

condition in pregnacy characterized by decrease in amno

A

oligohydrdraminos

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3
Q

reason to protect amno from light

A

preserve bilirubin

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4
Q

amno fluid fetal cells adversely affected by what

A

refridgeration

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5
Q

physical exam of amnio

color
turbity
bilirubin
meconimum

A

colorless or pale yellow
can’t tell from urine depends on stage of pregnancy
amber
red

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6
Q

4 tests to evaluate surfactants to fetal pulmonary system
L/S Ratio
Microcisocity
name 2 others

A

pg determination

FSI

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7
Q

comparing L/S ratio and PG determination what would indicate fetal lung maturity

A

L/S ratio greater than 2

pg determination present

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8
Q

is L/s affected by blood muccion
is PG

If L/s greater than 2 but no PG present does it mean lung maturity

A

yes
no

could but greater than two in diabetics

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9
Q

Liley’s 3 zone chart

name 1-3

A

1 normal minally affect of fetus
2 moderate hemolysis
3 severe hemolysis- fetus die w/o intervention

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10
Q

increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased plasmatic pressure
non inflammatory protein less than ???
clear to pale yellow
does not clot
less than 1000 cells uL

A

transudates

3

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11
Q

permability in membrane or decrease absorbtion of fluid by lymphotic system- inflammatory–can form clots– WBC more than 1000 uL cells–protien greater than ? __ specific gravity greater than ??

A

exudates
3
1.015

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12
Q

3 biochemical indicators which identify seminal fluid

which is useful sex assault

A

zinc
citric acid

acid phosphatase (assault)

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13
Q

4 reasons for semen analysis

A

evalute infertility
follow up vasectomy
donation
forsensics

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14
Q

4 structures contribute secretions to seminal fluid

A

testes
epididymis
seminal vesicles
prostate gland

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15
Q

normal concentration of seminal fluid

A

20-250 million

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16
Q

seminal concentration not constant,3 factors that influence this

Is concentration most important factor in infertility

A

viral illness
recent sex
stress abstinence

no

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17
Q

% of sperm normal that is acceptable

how is sperm morphology determined

A

50% or more

stain smear fresh speciman

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18
Q

what parameter of a semen analysis is directly related to and provides a check of the motility evaluation? how?

A

viability test with stain distinguish b/n dead and vitality

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19
Q

what is the normal pH of seminal fluid? what might a pH of 7.8 indicate?

A

pH 7.2-7.8
less than 7.2 abnormal of epididymis vas deferens or seminal vesicles
more than 7.8 infection of male reproductive tract

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20
Q

testing fructose in seminal fluid reflects the secretory function of the _ _, as well as the functional integrity of the _ _ and _ _.

A

seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts vas defencns

21
Q

what is the primary function of seminal fluid?

A

carry sperm

22
Q

explain the requirements for the collection of a specimen for semen analysis.

A

transport w/i hr sex absintence least 48 hrs no more than 7 days

23
Q

what is the normal length of time (in minutes) for a semen specimen t liquefy? After liquefaction, the viscosity closely resembles tat of what other fluid? what would be considered abnormal liquefaction?

A

within 30 min
visocosity= water
abnormal greater than 60 m

24
Q

motility should be evaluated within how many minutes following collection?

A

w/i 60 min

25
Q

explain the color, clarity, viscosity and clot formation of normal synovial fluid

A

color clear paLE yellow
clarity clear
viscosity very viscous
clot formation none

26
Q

is fibrinogen a normal constituent of normal synovial fluid?

A

no

27
Q

does hyaluronate affect the turbidity of a synovial fluid specimen? Name some things that might cause a synovial fluid to be turbid in apperance. WBC RBC celluar debris name 2 more

A

NO

crystals fat droplets

28
Q

why should a synovial fluid be examined ASAP? which component, if present, might be most adversely affected by a delay in examination?

A

crystals can form over time or dissolve or be phagocytized

29
Q

for microscopic examination purposes, the synovial fluid should be placed in a tube containing which anticagulant? why should other anticoagulants be avoided?

A

Na Hep others are avoided to prevent artifacts

30
Q

Name the diluent that should be used should be synovial fluid need to be diluted for microscopic exam.

A

.85% saline wont cause RBC to lyse

31
Q

a joint disease process is indicated by what? greater than

A

25% neutrphilis

32
Q

what type of microscopy differentiates synovial fluid crystals based on their birefringence? How is this achieved?

A

compensated polorazing microscope

colors produced blue or yellow crystals oriented parallel or perpend to axis

33
Q

name some indicators of a synovial fluid that would be classified a septic some are 1-cloudy 2-yellowgreen 3-low visocity 4- high WBC 5-plasma symvial glucose diff greater than ??

A

40 mg/dl

34
Q

which crystal is usually seen in patient with gout?

A

monosodium urate (MSU) or uric acid

35
Q

are monosodium urate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, and cholesterol crystals all birefringent?

A

yes

36
Q

which analytes are present in synovial fluid at concentration equal to blood plasma levels?

A

glucose and uric acid

37
Q

if a bloody CSF fluid is received in the lab, what are some steps to take to determine if it is a traumatic tap or the patient has actually had a hemorrhage? first by color of supernatent ten by vials

A

if supernatent is clear i is traumatic tap yellow xanthochrmial a hemorrhage

if amount of blood decreases traumatic tap is stays same hemmorage

38
Q

define xanthochromia

A

yellow tint of csf post subaranoid hemorrage due to RBC pigments

39
Q

does fibrinogen NORMALLY pass through the blood-brain barrier?

A

no

40
Q

according to the lumbar puncture procedure in your notes, the first tube collected should be used for what type of testing

A

chemical and immunologic testing

41
Q

a predominance of lymphocytes within CSF indicates which type of meningitis

A

viral

42
Q

what are the normal ranges for glucose and protein within a normal CSF? what condition would a decreased glucose and an increased protein indicate?

A

g–50-80 % mg dl
p–15-45 mg

increase protein /decreased glucose meningtis

43
Q

the amount of glucose in CSF is approximately– % or – of the plasma concentration

A

60-70 or 2/3

44
Q

define pleocytosis as it relates to CSF.

A

increased # of cells in CSF

45
Q

does an increased number of leukocytes within CSF cause xanthochromia?

A

no

46
Q

an uneven distribution of blood in the CSF collection tubes most lkely indicates what?

A

traumatic tap

47
Q

give the normal CSF WBC cell counts for adults, children, and newborns.

A

adults 0-5 uL lymphs and monocytes
children 0-10 uL WBC
newborns up to 30

48
Q

in adult CSF cell counts, what two cell types are considered normal if seen in the fluid?

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

49
Q

a predominance of neutrophils within CSF indicates which type of meningitis?

A

bacterial

50
Q

what is the normal range for lactate in CSF? Normal lactate levels are often found in patients with what type of meningitis?

A

10-22 %mg/dl

normal meningitis

51
Q

which procedure frequently provides a rapid presumptive diagnosis of bacterial meningitis

A

csf gram stain

urine (1 decks)

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