final Flashcards
if amniotic fluid is collected early 15-18 weeks most likely being to collected to determine what
congental and genetic disorders
amoniotic fluid is collected pregnancy for sex determination,predict HDN (hemolic disease) name 2 other reasons
dx of congential and genetic disorders
assess fetal pulmonary maturity
condition in pregnacy characterized by decrease in amno
oligohydrdraminos
reason to protect amno from light
preserve bilirubin
amno fluid fetal cells adversely affected by what
refridgeration
physical exam of amnio
color
turbity
bilirubin
meconimum
colorless or pale yellow
can’t tell from urine depends on stage of pregnancy
amber
red
4 tests to evaluate surfactants to fetal pulmonary system
L/S Ratio
Microcisocity
name 2 others
pg determination
FSI
comparing L/S ratio and PG determination what would indicate fetal lung maturity
L/S ratio greater than 2
pg determination present
is L/s affected by blood muccion
is PG
If L/s greater than 2 but no PG present does it mean lung maturity
yes
no
could but greater than two in diabetics
Liley’s 3 zone chart
name 1-3
1 normal minally affect of fetus
2 moderate hemolysis
3 severe hemolysis- fetus die w/o intervention
increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased plasmatic pressure
non inflammatory protein less than ???
clear to pale yellow
does not clot
less than 1000 cells uL
transudates
3
permability in membrane or decrease absorbtion of fluid by lymphotic system- inflammatory–can form clots– WBC more than 1000 uL cells–protien greater than ? __ specific gravity greater than ??
exudates
3
1.015
3 biochemical indicators which identify seminal fluid
which is useful sex assault
zinc
citric acid
acid phosphatase (assault)
4 reasons for semen analysis
evalute infertility
follow up vasectomy
donation
forsensics
4 structures contribute secretions to seminal fluid
testes
epididymis
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
normal concentration of seminal fluid
20-250 million
seminal concentration not constant,3 factors that influence this
Is concentration most important factor in infertility
viral illness
recent sex
stress abstinence
no
% of sperm normal that is acceptable
how is sperm morphology determined
50% or more
stain smear fresh speciman
what parameter of a semen analysis is directly related to and provides a check of the motility evaluation? how?
viability test with stain distinguish b/n dead and vitality
what is the normal pH of seminal fluid? what might a pH of 7.8 indicate?
pH 7.2-7.8
less than 7.2 abnormal of epididymis vas deferens or seminal vesicles
more than 7.8 infection of male reproductive tract
testing fructose in seminal fluid reflects the secretory function of the _ _, as well as the functional integrity of the _ _ and _ _.
seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts vas defencns
what is the primary function of seminal fluid?
carry sperm
explain the requirements for the collection of a specimen for semen analysis.
transport w/i hr sex absintence least 48 hrs no more than 7 days
what is the normal length of time (in minutes) for a semen specimen t liquefy? After liquefaction, the viscosity closely resembles tat of what other fluid? what would be considered abnormal liquefaction?
within 30 min
visocosity= water
abnormal greater than 60 m
motility should be evaluated within how many minutes following collection?
w/i 60 min
explain the color, clarity, viscosity and clot formation of normal synovial fluid
color clear paLE yellow
clarity clear
viscosity very viscous
clot formation none
is fibrinogen a normal constituent of normal synovial fluid?
no
does hyaluronate affect the turbidity of a synovial fluid specimen? Name some things that might cause a synovial fluid to be turbid in apperance. WBC RBC celluar debris name 2 more
NO
crystals fat droplets
why should a synovial fluid be examined ASAP? which component, if present, might be most adversely affected by a delay in examination?
crystals can form over time or dissolve or be phagocytized
for microscopic examination purposes, the synovial fluid should be placed in a tube containing which anticagulant? why should other anticoagulants be avoided?
Na Hep others are avoided to prevent artifacts
Name the diluent that should be used should be synovial fluid need to be diluted for microscopic exam.
.85% saline wont cause RBC to lyse
a joint disease process is indicated by what? greater than
25% neutrphilis
what type of microscopy differentiates synovial fluid crystals based on their birefringence? How is this achieved?
compensated polorazing microscope
colors produced blue or yellow crystals oriented parallel or perpend to axis
name some indicators of a synovial fluid that would be classified a septic some are 1-cloudy 2-yellowgreen 3-low visocity 4- high WBC 5-plasma symvial glucose diff greater than ??
40 mg/dl
which crystal is usually seen in patient with gout?
monosodium urate (MSU) or uric acid
are monosodium urate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, and cholesterol crystals all birefringent?
yes
which analytes are present in synovial fluid at concentration equal to blood plasma levels?
glucose and uric acid
if a bloody CSF fluid is received in the lab, what are some steps to take to determine if it is a traumatic tap or the patient has actually had a hemorrhage? first by color of supernatent ten by vials
if supernatent is clear i is traumatic tap yellow xanthochrmial a hemorrhage
if amount of blood decreases traumatic tap is stays same hemmorage
define xanthochromia
yellow tint of csf post subaranoid hemorrage due to RBC pigments
does fibrinogen NORMALLY pass through the blood-brain barrier?
no
according to the lumbar puncture procedure in your notes, the first tube collected should be used for what type of testing
chemical and immunologic testing
a predominance of lymphocytes within CSF indicates which type of meningitis
viral
what are the normal ranges for glucose and protein within a normal CSF? what condition would a decreased glucose and an increased protein indicate?
g–50-80 % mg dl
p–15-45 mg
increase protein /decreased glucose meningtis
the amount of glucose in CSF is approximately– % or – of the plasma concentration
60-70 or 2/3
define pleocytosis as it relates to CSF.
increased # of cells in CSF
does an increased number of leukocytes within CSF cause xanthochromia?
no
an uneven distribution of blood in the CSF collection tubes most lkely indicates what?
traumatic tap
give the normal CSF WBC cell counts for adults, children, and newborns.
adults 0-5 uL lymphs and monocytes
children 0-10 uL WBC
newborns up to 30
in adult CSF cell counts, what two cell types are considered normal if seen in the fluid?
lymphocytes and monocytes
a predominance of neutrophils within CSF indicates which type of meningitis?
bacterial
what is the normal range for lactate in CSF? Normal lactate levels are often found in patients with what type of meningitis?
10-22 %mg/dl
normal meningitis
which procedure frequently provides a rapid presumptive diagnosis of bacterial meningitis
csf gram stain
