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CMPS 315 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shell?

A

interface that accepts and translates user input so that the kernel can process it.

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2
Q

What are Daemons?

A

Programs that run in the background independently of the user
Called services in Windows

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3
Q

What are applications?

A

Programs that require an OS to run

Give users a specific function, such as word-processing programs, media players, etc

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4
Q

What is the Kernel?

A

Core of the OS.
Manages hardware, such as disk drives and memory.
Allows public access to the source code.

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5
Q

What is the Resource Manager?

A

Manages processes and memory.

Can perform multiple processes at the same time.

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6
Q

What is a “Process”?

A

program the kernel launches into memory for the purpose of performing specific tasks.

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7
Q

What is RAM? (Random Access Memory)

A

Storage space where a computer reads and writes data.

Considered “volatile” storage – data is stored there but is erased when the computer shuts down.

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8
Q

What linux desktop environments are available in openSUSE?

A

K Desktop Environment (KDE)

GNU Network Object Model Environment (GNOME)

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9
Q

What is the top level of the linux file system?

A

Root

Indicated by / symbol.

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10
Q

What are device files?

A

Special file stored in the /dev directory.

Represents a hardware device on the system.

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11
Q

What are directory files?

A

Like a folder in Windows.

Can contain files and other directories.

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12
Q

Features of Linux

What does the multiuser feature allow?

A

enables multiple users to log on to a single computer at the same time

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13
Q

Features of Linux

What does multitasking mean?

A

multiple processes can run simultaneously

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14
Q

Features of Linux

What is Preemptive multitasking?

A

schedule decides when a process stops and another process starts.

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15
Q

Features of Linux

What is Network Connectivity?

A

uses Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) – internationally accept set of rules for connecting computers to the Internet and most other networks.

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16
Q

Features of Linux

What security features does Linux offer?

A

Login and password authentication.
File ownership and permissions.
Firewall for protecting network resources from users outside the network.

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17
Q

What shells are available in Linux?

A

Bourne, C, Korn, BASH

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18
Q

Which shell is the original UNIX shell and has no history function?

A

Bourne Shell

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19
Q

Which shell has an interface that is similar to C

Has a history function, but its incompatible with Bourne

A

C Shell

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20
Q

This shell was developed to combine the best of the C and Bourne shell.
It has a history function and allows users to edit the history file while viewing it

A

Korn

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21
Q

This shell is the default shell in most Linux distributions. Has a history function that can be used to remember commands entered in previous sessions, as well as the current session.

A

BASH

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22
Q

What directory are the shells stored in?

A

/bin directory

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23
Q

all files and subdirectories are placed under the this directory in a treelike structure.

A

root

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24
Q

specifies requirements and guidelines for file and directory placement in UNIX-like operating systems

A

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

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25
Q

This directory contains static configuration files, which are also unshareable files, meaning they’re local to the machine

A

/etc

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26
Q

This directory contains the linux kernel and static files needed to boot the computer

A

/boot

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27
Q

This directory contains device files, such as the CD/DVD-ROM drive

A

/dev

28
Q

This directory is an optional directory that might not be included in all Linux distributions; in openSUSE, it’s the user’s home directory

A

/home

29
Q

This directory contains shared libraries that are loaded when a program starts

A

/lib

30
Q

This directory contains shareable, read-only applications and files

A

/usr

31
Q

This directory contains variable data files, such as log files

A

/var

32
Q

This directory contains binary commands that can be used by system administrators, users, and scripts; this directory shouldn’t contain subdirectories and can be accessed in single user mode

A

/bin

33
Q

This directory contains the mount point for removable media

A

/media

34
Q

This directory is empty by default, but administrators can use it to mount other resources such as CD/DVD-ROM drives, USB drives

A

/mnt

35
Q

This directory contains shareable add-on software packages

A

/opt

36
Q

This directory contains system binaries used by the system administrator

A

/sbin

37
Q

This directory contains data files for services.

A

/srv

38
Q

This directory contains temporary files that system administrators should delete whenever the system is booted.

A

/temp

39
Q

Linux Directory Commands

What does pwd do?

A

Shows where the current user is located in the file system

40
Q

Linux Directory Commands

What does cd do?

A

Changes directories.

Ex: cd /home/images

41
Q

Linux Directory Commands

What does ~ (tilde) do?

A

Represents the user’s home directory.
Ex: cd ~
this change directories to the home directory

42
Q

Linux Directory Commands

What does ls do?

A

Lists the files and directories that are located in the directory that you are in.

43
Q

Linux Directory Commands

What does mkdir do?

A

mkdir creates a directory

Ex: mkdir images

44
Q

Linux Directory Commands

What does touch do?

A

touch creates an empty file

Ex: Dog.jpg

45
Q

Linux Directory Commands

What does rm do?

A

rm removes a file.

46
Q

Linux Directory Commands

What does rmdir do?

A

rmdir removes a directory

47
Q

Linux Directory Commands

What does mv do?

A

Can be used to move a file, or rename a file.
To rename a file, you would do: mv file newFileName

To move a file, you would do:

48
Q

Linux Directory Commands

What does cp do?

A

Copies a file

49
Q

When writing a script to run under the BASH shell, the first line of the script should be:

A

!/bin/bash

50
Q

To make a script executable, you must…

A

must use the chmod command on the script and give it executable permission: chmod a+x (give everyone permission to the script)

51
Q

What does the head command do?

A

Displays the first 10 lines of a text file

52
Q

What does the tail command do?

A

Displays the last 10 lines of a text file

53
Q

What does the more command do?

A

displays a file’s contents one screen at a time

54
Q

How would you add a user named Lee?

A

useradd -m lee

the -m automatically creates a home directory for the user.

55
Q

How would you change the password of the user named Lee?

A

passwd

56
Q

How would you delete the user, Lee?

A

userdel

57
Q

This file executes when you login.

A

.login

58
Q

This file contains all other aliases and user information. Contains profile parameters for the C shell.

A

.cshrc

59
Q

How do you set a prompt?

A

PS1=”characters here”

60
Q

What is the difference between the shell, kernel, and hardware?

A

The shell is the interface that is used to communicate with the kernel and the kernel is the pathway to the hardware

61
Q

How can you execute a shell script?

A

sh scriptName.sh
or
bash scriptName.sh

62
Q

What is umask?

A

umask is used to set the default permissions of a file when it is created. The use of umask is to set the permissions for which the file will NOT have. Typing umask at a prompt will display the value of umask that will be given to newly created files.

63
Q

What does the ps command do?

A

display processes that are in use by the current logged in user.

64
Q

What does the “ps aux” command do?

A

can be used to display the process information of the entire system. A process can be stopped by issuing the kill -9 command at a prompt, followed by the process ID of the job that needs to be stopped. The process ID can be acquire by performing ps aux at the prompt.

65
Q

What is piping?

A

The output is the input for the next command.

66
Q

How would you check the permissions of a certain directory?

A

ls -ld directoryName

CMPS 315 (2 decks)

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