Final Flashcards
apomorphic
evolutionary traits that are derived, not original
panibiogeography
large scale similiarties between continents, this is seen as similar to disjunction.
pleisomorphic
original or ancestral traits
phylogenies
the analysis of patterns of distribution of organims using groups whose interrelationships are analyzed using cladistics.
cladogenesis
evolutionary splitting in which each smaller branch forms a clade with individuals having inherited characteristics
endemism
a speciesa that is unique to a defined bigeographical region
provincialism
the degree to which species are restricted to a particular region
disjunction
different communities of the same species
vicariance
when a barrier seperates a species (ex. mountains oceans etc)
dispersal
When species travel to new areas through movement.
will hennig
Progression rule- as Clade’s diversify,pleisomorphic traits dominate the centers of origin. The most displaced member will have the most apomorphic traits.
lars brundin
Placed phylogenies on geography but explained it with dispersal rather than large vicarianc even events
len croizat
Creator of panbiogeography, which explains how vicariance is the explanation for all modern day species. Didn’t Use phylogenies.
comparitive approach
That different species under similar circumstances/ in the same area will have similar evolutionary traits
Ex Australia maursipals, reptiles
geo dispersal
Consistent dispersal among continents via wind currents
nothofagus example of geodispersal
Nothofagus spread across southern continents via wind dispersal
continental crust island
split from continent due to seafloor spreading
hotspot island chain
magma formed islands on a moving plate and mid ocean ridges
island arcs
subduction zones
adaptive radiations
diversification of ancestral groups into new related forms specialized to fit different environments, often further specializing into further groups
ex finches on galapagos developing different beaks to specialize for different foods
gigantism
release from predators and competition increases risk
-in mammals species that are small on mainland will become large
ex komodo droagon
dwarfism
due to reduced resources on an island (which allows larger populations)
ex. pygmy mammoths
affects on island immigration rate
- isolation (the more isolated, the less immigration)
- species richness
- –saturation: as saturation increases, immigration declines
- –resource limitation and competiton
- least important effect: size of island
Affects on island extinction rates
- size of island: small islands have fewer species and smaller populations
- species richness
- –resource limitation and competition: greater species richness means more specialization amongst residents and a limitation of resources causing extinctions
- – random extinction events increase when more species present
- less important effect: island isolation
