Final

Question 0

apomorphic

Answer 0

evolutionary traits that are derived, not original

Question 1

panibiogeography

Answer 1

large scale similiarties between continents, this is seen as similar to disjunction.

Question 2

pleisomorphic

Answer 2

original or ancestral traits

Question 3

phylogenies

Answer 3

the analysis of patterns of distribution of organims using groups whose interrelationships are analyzed using cladistics.

Question 4

cladogenesis

Answer 4

evolutionary splitting in which each smaller branch forms a clade with individuals having inherited characteristics

Question 5

endemism

Answer 5

a speciesa that is unique to a defined bigeographical region

Question 6

provincialism

Answer 6

the degree to which species are restricted to a particular region

Question 7

disjunction

Answer 7

different communities of the same species

Question 8

vicariance

Answer 8

when a barrier seperates a species (ex. mountains oceans etc)

Question 9

dispersal

Answer 9

When species travel to new areas through movement.

Question 10

will hennig

Answer 10

Progression rule- as Clade’s diversify,pleisomorphic traits dominate the centers of origin. The most displaced member will have the most apomorphic traits.

Question 11

lars brundin

Answer 11

Placed phylogenies on geography but explained it with dispersal rather than large vicarianc even events

Question 12

len croizat

Answer 12

Creator of panbiogeography, which explains how vicariance is the explanation for all modern day species. Didn’t Use phylogenies.

Question 13

comparitive approach

Answer 13

That different species under similar circumstances/ in the same area will have similar evolutionary traits
Ex Australia maursipals, reptiles

Question 14

geo dispersal

Answer 14

Consistent dispersal among continents via wind currents

Question 15

nothofagus example of geodispersal

Answer 15

Nothofagus spread across southern continents via wind dispersal

Question 16

continental crust island

Answer 16

split from continent due to seafloor spreading

Question 17

hotspot island chain

Answer 17

magma formed islands on a moving plate and mid ocean ridges

Question 18

island arcs

Answer 18

subduction zones

Question 19

adaptive radiations

Answer 19

diversification of ancestral groups into new related forms specialized to fit different environments, often further specializing into further groups
ex finches on galapagos developing different beaks to specialize for different foods

Question 20

gigantism

Answer 20

release from predators and competition increases risk
-in mammals species that are small on mainland will become large
ex komodo droagon

Question 21

dwarfism

Answer 21

due to reduced resources on an island (which allows larger populations)
ex. pygmy mammoths

Question 22

affects on island immigration rate

Answer 22

• isolation (the more isolated, the less immigration)
• species richness
• –saturation: as saturation increases, immigration declines
• –resource limitation and competiton
• least important effect: size of island

Question 23

Affects on island extinction rates

Answer 23

• size of island: small islands have fewer species and smaller populations
• species richness
• –resource limitation and competition: greater species richness means more specialization amongst residents and a limitation of resources causing extinctions
• – random extinction events increase when more species present
• less important effect: island isolation

Question 24

nestedness

Answer 24

small islands with less species are subsets of the larger islands that contain those species

Question 25

cenozoic climate history

Answer 25

(65mya - present)

constant shift between warming and cooling

Question 26

mesozoic climate history

Answer 26

fill

Question 27

paleozoic climate history

Answer 27

fill

Question 28

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 28

fill

Question 29

Great american interchange

Answer 29

3.5 million years ago
when the two America continents collided in panama and animals where able to flow across the past barrier. North America had a higher diversity of animals, especially mammals. Marisupals of south america were at a disadvantage compared to mammals

Question 30

Evolution events influenced by TECO

Answer 30

Tectonic, eustatic(sea level change), climate, oceanography(sea floor spreading)