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Pschology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Behavior

A

interaction between conscious and unconscious mind

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2
Q

Freud psychodynamic theories

A

defense mechanisms, psychosexual development

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3
Q

Id

A

pleasure principle

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4
Q

Ego

A

reality principle, mediates conflict between id and superego

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5
Q

Superego

A

moral principle, counteracts id

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6
Q

Reaction formation

A

covering up feelings (feeling angry, acting overly friendly)

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7
Q

Projection

A

a person who is rude accuses other people of being rude

prevents ego from recognizing the truth

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8
Q

Displacement

A

shifting anger toward more acceptable target (angry at parent, kick wall/toys)

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9
Q

Psychosexual Stages: Oral

A

0-18 mos

sucking, biting, chewing

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10
Q

Psychosexual Stages: Anal

A

18-36 mos

bowel/bladder elimination, demands for control

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11
Q

Psychosexual Stages: Phallic

A

3-6 yrs

genitals, coping with incestuous sexual feelings

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12
Q

Psychosexual Stages: Latency

A

6 yrs - puberty

dormant sexual feelings

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13
Q

Psychosexual Stages: Genital

A

Puberty - on

maturation of sexual interests

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14
Q

Humanistic theories psychologists

A

Maslow

Rogers

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15
Q

Rogers (Humanistic theories)

A

people are born with self actualizing tendencies (genuineness, unconditional positive regard, empathy)

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16
Q

Trait tests

A

Meyers-Briggs

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

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17
Q

Big 5

A

conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion

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18
Q

Social-cognitive theory of personality

A

person + social context and how we think about others/our situation

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19
Q

Reciprocal determinism (social-cognitive)

A

behavior, personal factors, and environment influence eachother

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20
Q

Personal control (social-cognitive)

A

internal and external locus

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21
Q

Internal locus

A

behavior guided by personal decisions/efforts

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22
Q

External locus

A

behavior guided by fate/luck/others/external circumstances

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23
Q

Normative social influence

A

desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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24
Q

Informational social influence

A

willingness to accept others’ opinions

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25
Q

Obedience experiment

A

Stanly Milgram

teach and test word pairs, shock for wrong answers

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26
Q

Social thinking

A

how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

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27
Q

Fritz Heider

A

1958

attribution theory

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28
Q

Attribution theory

A

we tend to give casual explanations for someone’s behavior

we credit either the situation or the person’s disposition

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29
Q

Attribution theory example

A

teacher: is the child’s hostility reflective of
a) aggressive personality (dispositional)
b) reaction to stress/abuse (situational)

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30
Q

Dispositional (attribution theory)

A

personality

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31
Q

Situational (attribution theory)

A

situation/circumstances

32
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

overestimate impact of personal disposition and underestimate impact of the situations when analyzing behavior of others

33
Q

Fundamental attribution error example

A

others people: it’s their personality

us: it’s the situation (when it’s bad)
us: it’s me (when it’s good)

34
Q

Self-serving attribution

A

us: it’s me (when it’s good)

35
Q

Attitudes and actions relationship

A

both influence each other

36
Q

Central route to persuasion

A

information (from speech for example) changes our attitude, long lasting impact

37
Q

Peripheral route to persuasion

A

indirect information, temporary impact (celebrity endorsements)

38
Q

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

tendency for people who have complied with a small request to comply with a larger one

39
Q

Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory

A

we act to reduce discomfort when we learn our thoughts and behaviors are inconsistent (say one thing, believe another)
change beliefs/attitudes so they match, discomfort removed

40
Q

Automatic mimicry

A

tendency to unconsciously imitate others’ expressions, postures, and voice tones, is a form of conformity

41
Q

Conformity

A

adjusting our behavior/thinking toward a group standard (mimicry is a subtype)

42
Q

Asch (social influence)

A

conducted conformity experiments

43
Q

Understanding PDOs

A

medical model

biopsychosocial approach

44
Q

Medical model (PDOs)

A

brain biology, medical interventions

45
Q

Biopsychosocial approach (PDOs)

A

bio: genes/brain chemistry
psycho: stress/trauma
social: roles/expectations

46
Q

Classifying PDOs

A

organizing observed disorders into categories

DSM-5, ICD-10

47
Q

Classifying PDOs goal

A

describe disorders, predict future course, imply appropriate treatment
labeling is downside

48
Q

Classic categorical approach (PDOs)

A

all features must be present in everyone

1 cause of each disorder

49
Q

Prototypical approach (PDOs)

A

presence of certain # of prototypical criteria and only some additional criteria (DSM-5)

50
Q

Fear

A

reaction to real danger

not a bad thing

51
Q

Anxiety

A

apprehension about the future

not all bad

52
Q

Panic attack

A

abrupt surge of intense fear/discomfort, peaks within minutes

53
Q

GAD

A

persistent anxiety
6+ months
autonomic arousal

54
Q

Panic disorder

A

unpredictable panic episodes followed by worry over an additional attack or changes in behavior (avoiding grocery store where it happened)

55
Q

Phobias

A

6+ months

irrational fear and avoidance of an object, activity, or situation

56
Q

OCD

A

persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive actions in response (compulsions)
time consuming, cause distress

57
Q

PTSD

A 
4+ weeks
intrusion symptoms (flashbacks)
have to have experienced real trauma
avoidance of reminders of trauma
becoming disconnected
anger, sleep disturbances
58
Q

Fear conditioning

A

classical conditioning
neutral stim + averse stim
(Baby Albert)

59
Q

Observational learning (anxiety disorders)

A

parent models anxiety behaviors

60
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

had episode at least once in life
2+ week episode
“common cold” of psych disorders

61
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

high heritability

norepi: scarce during depression, abundant during mania
serotonin: decreased levels

62
Q

Social-cognitive causes for mood disorders

A

self-defeating beliefs (learned helplessness)

negative explanatory styles for failures (stable, global, internal)

63
Q

Mood disorder cycle

A

stressful experience, negative explanatory cycle, depressed mood, cog/beh changes, stressful experience…

64
Q

Schizophrenia

A

delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate emotional expression
excess dopamine receptors
fetal-viral infection

65
Q

Split mind (schizo)

A

split from reality

can’t take in reality and process properly

66
Q

Psychosis

A

loss of contact with reality (presence of delusions/hallucinations)

67
Q

Psychotherapy

A

assist client from 1 theoretical perspective or a blend of approaches

68
Q

Biomedical therapy

A

medications to assist patient

psychiatry

69
Q

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic theory of treatment

A

repression, unconscious world, interpersonal psychotherapy

free association, transference, interpretation

70
Q

Humanistic theory of treatment

A

potential for self-growth, self-acceptance

Carl Rogers client-centered therapy

71
Q

Behavioral

A

only focus on observable behaviors, don’t delve deep

classical and operant conditioning

72
Q

Exposure therapy

A

repeated exposure = reduced anxiety

73
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

progression, show stimuli when relaxed, move up toward most scary stimulus

74
Q

In vivo/imaginal exposure

A

stimulus exposure not paired with relaxation

75
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

thinking explains our feelings

teaches adaptive ways of thinking and acting based on changing conditions

76
Q

CBT

A

your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors

encouraged to engage in behavioral experiments

Pschology (1 decks)

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