Final Flashcards by Andy Cook

Combined Gas Law

PiVi/Ti=PfVf/Tf

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Unlike a colloid or suspension, a true solution is ___

Always mixed

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Gamma particles are ___ in charge

Neutral

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List the different factors that affect reaction rate

Temperature of reactance Physical state of reactants Concentration of reactants Structure of the reacting species Presence of a catalyst

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NO₂^-

Nitrite

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An decrease in pressure on an equilibrium causes the equilibrium to shift toward which side of the reaction?

The side with the most moles of gas

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NH₄⁺

Ammonium

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Removing heat from an endothermic reaction cause of the equilibrium to shift in which direction?

Towards the reactant side

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Zn²⁺

Zinc

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What do you do to find the mass per volume percent of a solute in solution?

Divide the grams of solute by the # of mL of solution and multiply by 100

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Adding heat to an endothermic reaction causes the equilibrium to shift in which direction?

Toward the product side

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Removing heat from an exothermic reaction causes the equilibrium to shift in which direction?

Toward the product side

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Aluminum

Al³⁺

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Al³⁺

Aluminum

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Na⁺

Sodium

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A solution is made up of what?

Solvent and solute

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An increase in volume of an equilibrium causes the equilibrium to shift toward which side of the reaction?

The side with the most moles of gas

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CO₃^2-

Carbonate

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The ___ is the amount of decay of a radioactive material over a given amount of time.

half-life

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P^3-

Phosphide

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N^3-

Nitride

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Phosphate

PO₄^3-

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Beta particles are ___ in charge

Negative

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How can you change the rate of reaction By altering the physical structure of the species?

Smaller particle size to increase surface area

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An increase in pressure on an equilibrium causes the equilibrium to shift toward which side of the reaction?

The side with the fewest moles of gas

Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas is inversely proportional to \_\_\_

The temperature of the gas

A solution that contains 100% ions is a

Strong electrolyte

Boyles law deals with what?

Pressure and volume

A weak acid is produced by a \_\_\_\_

Strong base

Ammonium

NH₄⁺

Cu²⁺

Copper (II)

PO₄^3-

Phosphate

The type of nuclear ready ion that occurs in stars:

Nuclear fusion

H⁺

Hydrogen

Mg²⁺

Magnesium

What do you do to find the molarity of a solution?

Divide the number of moles given by the number of Liters given If grams are given instead of moles, convert molar mass before converting.

Nitrite

NO₂^-

Sulfate

SO₄^2-

What conditions indicate a nonpolar molecule?

4 of the same element around the central atom Hydrocarbon atoms A molecule made up of 2 or more of a single element

In ____ decay, a new particle is emitted which has a total mass number of 2.

Alpha

K⁺

Potassium

Dalton's law deals with what?

Partial pressures

Molarity formula when you want to find molarity:

Moles of solute/ Liters of solution

An decrease in volume of an equilibrium causes the equilibrium to shift toward which side of the reaction?

The side with the fewest moles of gas.

Each time the half life of a radioisotope is reached, the remaining mass in grams is reduced by \_\_\_

Half

No₃^-

Nitrate

A solvent is saturated when:

It contains the maximum amount of solute at a specific temperature

Molarity formula when you already have molarity:

Given number of Moles/1 L solution

OH^-

Hydroxide

A gamma particle has a charge of:

When pressure is held constant, the relationship between temperature and volume is:

Directly proportional, increased temperature= increased volume

F^-

Fluoride

Formula for a dilution problem:

MiVi=MfVf

Use this conversion when you see moles or grams:

Ideal gas law, PV=nRT

A solution which contains both molecules and ions is called a

Weak electrolyte

In a conjugate pair, a strong acid will produce a \_\_\_

Weak base

S^2-

Sulfide

Fe³⁺

Iron (III)

I^-

Iodide

Acetate

C₂H₃O₂^-

Avogadros law

1 mol = 22.4 L @ STP

Adding reactants to an equilibrium causes the equilibrium to shift in which direction?

Toward the products side

Dalton's law

Pt = P1+P2+P3...

Phosphide

P^3-

O^2-

Oxide

Cd²⁺

Cadmium

Li⁺

Lithium

Ideal Gas Law

PV=nRT

According to Henrys law what happens to the solubility of a gas at higher temperature?

It becomes more insoluble

In PV=nRT R =?

0.0821 (atm)(L)/(mol)(K)

Cu⁺

Copper (I)

One atm equals what?

760 mmHg

Fe²⁺

Iron (II)

CN^-

Cyanide

Boyles law

PiVi=PfVf

Hydrogen

H⁺

What is the activation energy?

The minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction

Solutions in which there is more solute inside the Cell than out is a _____ solution

Hypotonic

The detrimental side effects of radiation exposure is caused by:

The formation of unstable ions

Adding heat to an exothermic reaction causes the equilibrium to shift in which direction?

Toward the reactants side

Equilibrium constants do not apply to what?

Solids and liquids

Charles's law deals with what?

Volume and temperature

The splitting of an atom as a result of shooting electrons at the nucleus is called:

Nuclear fission

Br^-

Bromide

A solution in which there is more solute outside the cell than inside is a _____ solution

Hypertonic

Sulfide

S^2-

The refraction of light in a colloid is known as

Tyndalls effect

In ____ decay, a new particle is emitted which has a total mass number of -1

beta

Hydroxide

OH^-

What is the heat of reaction?

The difference in heat between the reactants and the products

The formation of a single nucleus from two smaller nuclei is called:

Nuclear fusion

Oxide

O^2-

HCO₃^-

Bicarbonate

Adding product to an equilibrium causes the equilibrium to shift in which direction?

Toward the reactant side.

Charles' law:

V1/T1=V2/T2

An alpha particle has a charge of:

Ca²⁺

Calcium

Cl^-

Chlorine

H^-

Hydride

List the strong acids

HI (hydroiodic) HBr (hydrobromic) HClO(perchloric) HCl (hydrochloric) H2SO4 (sulfuric) HNO4 (nitric)

Pressure conversion

1 atm = 760 mm Hg

If a solution is polar, only ___ substances will dissolve into it

Polar

What do you do to find the mass per mass percent of a solute in solution?

Divide grams of solute by the number of grams of solution and multiply by 100

According to Henrys law what happens to the solubility of a gas at higher pressure?

It becomes more soluble

Define reaction rate

Any change in the concentration of a reactant or product overtime

Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas is directly proportional to \_\_\_

The partial pressure of the gas

Nitrate

NO₃^-

SO₄^2-

Sulfate

What is the equation for determining the amount of energy produced from nuclear fission?

E=mc2

List the strong bases

LiOH NaOH KOH SrOH BaPH CaOH

Explain collision theory

1. The molecules must come into contact with each other 2. Molecules must collide with enough energy to overcome the activation energy 3. The molecules must collide in the proper orientation

Alpha particles are ___ in charge

Positive

Iodide

I^-

Ag⁺

Aluminum

A beta particle has a charge of:

-1

Solvents are always \_\_\_\_

Liquid/water

A solution that contains 100% molecules is called a

Non electrolyte

C₂H₃O₂^-

Acetate

Ba²⁺

Barium