Final

Question 1

The results of a study show that, regardless of whether they viewed cartoons or television shows, children who viewed a violent show acted more aggressively than children who saw a nonviolent show. This finding represents a…

Answer 1

Main Effect.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about interpreting a 2 X 2 factorial experiment?

Answer 2

It is misleading to interpret the main effects when there is a significant interaction.

Question 3

A mixed factorial design is one that…

Answer 3

…uses both between-participant and repeated-measures factors.

Question 4

A post hoc comparison…

Answer 4

…makes comparisons that were not planned ahead of time.

Question 5

Differences on a dependent measure across the levels of one factor that ignore differences on all other factors are called…

Answer 5

…main effects.

Question 6

Which of the following is true about a significant interaction?

Answer 6

It only gives support for the research hypothesis if the observed means are also in the expected direction.

Question 7

Toby is conducting an experiment in which he predicts an interaction between appearance and partner sex (same of different). One-half of the participants complete the study dressed in casual clothes, and the other half complete the study dressed in formal attire. All participants are observed in interaction with a same-sex partner and then with an opposite-sex partner. This is an example of a ______ factorial design.

Answer 7

Mixed

Question 8

Which of the following types of validity refers to the extent to which the measured variables actually measure the conceptual variables?

Answer 8

Construct Validity.

Question 9

Experimental control refers to which of the following?

Answer 9

The extent to which unwanted influences on the dependent variable have been eliminated.

Question 10

A variable other than the independent variable that is found to vary systematically among the conditions is known as…

Answer 10

…a confounding variable.

Question 11

A baseline measure is…

Answer 11

…a measure that is accompanied by a cover story.

Question 12

The goal of treating all experimental participants in exactly the same way with the simple exception of the manipulation itself is known as…

Answer 12

…standardization of conditions.

Question 13

An experimenter wishes to know if his research procedure is going to work as he hoped it would. What procedure might he use?

Answer 13

Pilot Testing

Question 14

When a participant’s expectation about what effect an experimental manipulation is supposed to have influences the dependent measure independently of the actual effect of the manipulation, the change in the dependent measure is called…

Answer 14

…a placebo effect.

Question 15

Experimenter bias refers to…

Answer 15

…differences in how the experimenter treats the participants.

Question 16

Whereas internal validity refers to ______, external validity refers to_____.

Answer 16

the relationship between the independent and the dependent variable
&
the extent to which the findings are expected to generalize.

Question 17

The major issue underlying external validity is that of…

Answer 17

generalization.

Question 18

In terms of learning about generalization across participants…

Answer 18

…no sample of research participants can provide definitive information about how a finding will generalize.

Question 19

When we say that there is a relationship between two variables but that this relationship only occurs under certain conditions, then the variable that represents the conditions under which the effect does or does not occur is known as which of the following?

Answer 19

A moderator variable.

Question 20

Research designed to study intervention programs with the goal of determining whether the programs are effective in helping the people who make use of them is called….

Answer 20

Program Evaluation Research

Question 21

Quasi-experimental research designs are so named because…

Answer 21

…the independent variable involves a grouping.

Question 22

An experimental design in which the dependent measure is assessed for one or more groups of individuals more than twice, at regular intervals, both before and after the experience of interest occurs is called a…

Answer 22

time-series design

Question 23

A researcher is unable to retest some of his participants in a before-after design because they have dropped out of the program. This is an example of a(n) _______ threat.

Answer 23

attrition

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true about quasi-experimental designs?

Answer 24

Because the independent variable is measured, not manipulated, they are best considered as correlational research.