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Fisheries Forestry And Wildlife > Final 250 > Flashcards

Final 250 Flashcards

1
Q

Parameter

A

The actual value for a specified metric (age, weight, length)

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2
Q

Arithmetic mean =

A

(Sum of all observations)/(total # of observations)

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3
Q

Statistics

A

Compares mean values and variances of data among populations of samples; compares distributions of two data sets under different assumptions; commonly use t, z, F tests

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4
Q

Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE)

A

Commonly used by fisheries, biologists as an index to fish population density (not a true estimate)
CPUE: # of animals caught/ unit of effect

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5
Q

Fixed sites

A

Practical considerations, reduce variation due to location; most long term surveys use fixed sites

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6
Q

Modeling

A

A tool that helps us visualize what might happen in a population under specified conditions. Not a source for answers, but a framework for thinking. Need info on dynamics, abundance and structure

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7
Q

Wetlands

A

Transitional areas between terrestrial and aquatic systems (hydrology that results in surface saturation, hydric soils, hydrophytic plants

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8
Q

Importance of Wetlands

A

Essential wildlife and fish habitat (spawning, nursery, migration)
Ecosystem Services ( water storage, reduce nutrients and sediment to improve water quality, sequester atmospheric carbon, groundwater recharge)

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9
Q

Management to enhance wetlands

A

Preserve existing and reclaim altered wetlands
Maintain food and cover for desired species
Manipulate water levels and vegetation (Flooding: raising water increases open water and deepens pool, control invasion of woody species, attract water birds)
Manipulate water levels and vegetation (Drawdown: lowering water levels to encourage growth of moist soil plants, speed up plant succession, release nutrients, attract shorebirds and terrestrial wildlife)

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10
Q

Wetland Habitat Loss

A

Ephemeral wetlands are only wet in spring
Human population is expanding on the west shore
No wetlands=No Pike, sediment loading, nutrient enrichment

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11
Q

Stream Orders (1-3)

A

1st Order: Small cold, low species diversity
2nd Order: Moderate size, cool water, higher species diversity
3rd Order: Larger, warmer water, high species diversity

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12
Q

Browns Biology

A

Spawn in late fall, build redds
Higher tolerance for lower DO and elevated temperatures
More piscivorous (mainly eats fish)
Sometimes outcompete brookies

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13
Q

Brookies Biology

A

Prevalent in headwater
More susceptible to anglers

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14
Q

Management Strategies

A

Population Surveys
Habitat
Stocking
Regulations

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15
Q

Population Assessments

A

Backpack or barge electrofishing
June-September
Count, measure, age
CPE, IBI, Size Structure
Qualitative habitat evaluation

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16
Q

Stream Degradation Problems

A

Sedimentation
Habitat Loss (physical and thermal)
Increased BOD
Altered channel morphology
Flooding
Fish passage
Toxins
Poor fishing

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17
Q

Point Source

A

A problem that can be directly attributed to a specific location

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18
Q

Non Point Source

A

Problem might be obvious, but not one single source can be directly identified (high atrazine levels)

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19
Q

In-Stream Habitat Improvements

A

Bank stabilization (trees, riprap)
Narrowing (Brush bundles, boulders)
Pool creation (Boulders)
Sinuosity (create point bars)

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20
Q

Goals to Improve Watershed

A

Creation of public fishery areas
Prioritize watersheds
Landowner programs (Incentives improving land use, riparian corridors are returned to natural vegetation eg buffer strips, reduce use of fertilizers and chemicals to improve water quality
Improve tillage practices to control erosion

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21
Q

Forestry - Stream Connections

A

Forest management critical to stream health
Forests provides erosion control and thermal benefits
Woody debris important stream habitat
Clear cutting - increased sediment loads and stream temperatures
Develop better strategies (Smaller cuts, strategic placement)

22
Q

Stocking

A

Widespread
Extensive hatchery systems
Propagation is expensive
Wisconsin had 8 hatcheries/rearing systems just for stream trout

23
Q

Stocking in WI Brookies

A

Native but lots of introductions
Reproduction often limited due to habitat issues
Extensive maintenance stocking
Natural Reproduction often not sufficient to maintain a fishery
Goal is more naturally reproducing populations

24
Q

Stocking in WI: Brown and Rainbows

A

All introductory at some point
Reproduction often limited (rainbows)
Extensive maintenance stocking (put grow and take (both)) (Put and take (mostly rainbow)

25
Q

Wild vs Domestic Trout

A

Survival is 2-4 times greater for wild
Wild and domestic trout may grow at similar rates, but wild trout start out smaller
Benefit:cost ratio for wild trout is based on combination of survival, growth, and rearing costs

26
Q

Funds for Stocking

A

Trout Stamps (Rehab)
License Dollars
Private Dollars

27
Q

Harvest Regulations for Trout

A

Creel and length limits
Gear restrictions
Many stream-specific
Many specific to stream segments or reaches
Trophy Regulations

28
Q

Gear Restrictions for Trout

A

Fly-fishing only, artificial only, single hook
Premise - less harm to fish, higher survival
Reality - often socially oriented

29
Q

Why remove fish or wildlife

A

Overpopulation
Nuisance
Exotic species
Disease control
Increase growth/size structure
Undiresable effects on habitat
Reduce competition/predation with desirable species
Rescue operations

30
Q

Partial Removal

A

Remove a portion of a population (remove fish from pond by netting)

31
Q

Complete Removal

A

Remove the entire population (drain the pond) Often impossible

32
Q

Fish Removals - Piscicides

A

Fish toxins
Rotenone, TFM, Bayuscide
Small lakes, ponds, stream reaches
Lake reclamation or renovation
Sea lamprey control

33
Q

Fish Removal Techniques (Mechanical)

A

Nets, electrofishing
Partial removal
Lots of effort
Commercial fishing
Disposal?
Short term benefits

34
Q

Fish Removal Techniques (anglers)

A

Liberalized regulations
Derbies or reward tags
Insufficient harvest often a problem

35
Q

Wildlife Removal - Projectiles and Traps

A

Liberalized hunting
Bounties
Sharpshooters
Urban archery hunts
Trapping (especially nuisance animals)

36
Q

Wild life remove - Other methods

A

Poison (at least historically)
Egg treatments
Goose “round ups” (during molt)

37
Q

Introductory Stockings

A

Think ‘new’
New or renovated body of water or area
New species
Trap-and-transfer operations
Pheasants, turkeys, muskies, Brown trout

38
Q

Maintenance Stocking

A

Think ‘help’
Limited or no natural reproduction
Maintenance often follows introductory
Recovery effects
Stream trout, lake trout, sturgeon

39
Q

Supplement Stockings

A

Think ‘bonus’
Natural reproduction occurring
Stock in response to poor recruitment
Public hunting areas or hunt clubs
Often a public relations measure
Walleyes, pheasants

40
Q

Put and Take

A

stock animals at harvestable size, often with the hope they get harvested

41
Q

Put, grow and take

A

Stock animals at sub-harvestable size, let them grow, then harvest them

42
Q

How is stocking funded?

A

License dollars
Special permits or stamps
Private groups

43
Q

Stocking Considerations

A

Biological vs Social
Cost Benefit
Genetic integrity
Effects on ecosystem
Objectives and evaluation
Perceived success = increased demand

44
Q

Types of Harvest

A

Recreational
Commercial
Subsistence
Mixed

45
Q

Why regulate harvest

A

Prevent overexploitation
Improve or alter population
Distribute resource among users
Protect public
Attach value

46
Q

Arboriculture

A

Care of trees

47
Q

Urban and Community Forestry

A

Care of tree populations

48
Q

Benefits of trees

A

Shade, aesthetics, water interception, air pollution reduction, energy conservation, reduction in Violence, human health

49
Q

Urban

A

Densely developed territory and encompass residential, commercial and other non-residential urban land uses account for about 3% of Earths surface

50
Q

Climate in Urban areas

A

Urban heat island
Humidity lower, precipitation greater, less wind
Migration reduced, winter survival increased

51
Q

Wildlife Conflicts

A

Diseases, Feces, Vehicle collisions, overpasses, trap and kill, exclusion, habitat modification

52
Q
A

Fisheries Forestry And Wildlife (1 decks)

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