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Final Flashcards

0
Q

Cosmo de Medici ruled for ___ years

A

30

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1
Q

Medici

A

Mankind family ruling Florence in 1478. Almost assassinated by the Pazzi family. Part of the signory (a council ruling Florence). Giovanni payed for hospitals and churches. Usury.

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2
Q

Casino de medici’s grandsons name?

A

Lorenzo

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3
Q

Dante

A

Author of divine comedy.

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4
Q

What’s divine come day about

A

Virgil going through hell purgatory and heaven (with beatrice)

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5
Q

Dante importance

A

Wrote about real people
Interest in the common man
Wrote in the vernacular
Brought together religion and worldly views

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6
Q

Petrarch

A

Italian poet (considered first modern poet)

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7
Q

Petrarch importance

A

Broke from the Medieval courtly conventions and defined true love (with Laura)
Wrote with simplicity and purity
Studied classical texts and followed their example

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8
Q

Machiavelli

A

Author of the prince. One of Florence’s leading patriots. Soderini’s secretary for 14 years. Thrown in jail and tortured by Medici family.

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9
Q

In the prince what defeated Cesare

A

Bad luck

Didn’t kill the entire family that came before him

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10
Q

What does Machiavellian mean?

A

Cleverly dishonest

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11
Q

Ideal renaissance man

A 
Not tall not short
Understand that fights may happen
Be quick to take advantage
Courage
Prudence
Only fights for honor
Daring
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12
Q

Idea renaissance woman

A 
Prudence
Magnanimity 
Continence 
Kindness
Discretion
Ability to manage property
Smart
Doesn't talk about shit she doesn't know about
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13
Q

Linear perspective

A

Use of parallel lines receding in the distance to create depth

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14
Q

Vernacular

A

Native language to the place it’s written

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15
Q

Da Vinci

A 
Artist-painted
Scientist-dissected bodies
Engineer-inventions
Known for wondering, exploring, and a curious mind
Didn't complete most works
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16
Q

Da Vinci works

A

The last supper

Mona Lisa

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17
Q

Donatello

A

Known for being one of the greatest sculptors in both marble and bronze

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18
Q

Donatello works

A

David
Saint George
Equestrian

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19
Q

Michelangelo

A 
Artist-painter
Sculpture-marble
Engineer 
Poet
Known for ill temper, outbursts, very modest
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20
Q

Michelangelo works

A

Sistine chapel
David
Pieta

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21
Q

Raphael

A

Known for painting Madonna and child

Taught by Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo

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22
Q

Raphael works

A

School of Athens

Madonnas

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23
Q

Masaccio work

A

Trinity

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24
Ghiberti work
Bronze doors of Baptistry in Florence
25
Brunelleschi work
Dome in Florence
26
Miguel de Cervantes country works and achievements
Spain Don Quixote de La Mancha Exposed inadequacies of the chivalratic idealism. Satire
27
Pieter Brueghel the elder country works and achievements
Netherlands (Fladers) Village squares, landscapes, every day life Painted with expert eye for detail. Realism.
28
Francois Rabelais country works achievements
France Gargantua and Pantagruel Showed hypocrisy in Church and Politics. Satire.
29
William Shakespeare country works and achievements
England 37 total Showed real emotion, realism.
30
Alberect dürer country works and achievements
Germany Numerous wood cuts and engravings Realism, symbolism, gothic art
31
Jan Van Eyck country works and achievements
Netherlands (Flanders) Arnolfini and wife Perfected oil painting, realism
32
Paint made with egg and powder
Tempura
33
Chiaroscuro
Use of shadowing to inhabited and make more realistic
34
Visual effect that makes things far away look smaller
Foreshortening
35
Painting on wet plaster
Fresco
36
Humanism
Study and popularization of Classic Greek and roman texts
37
Painter of the ambassador
Holbein
38
Painter of the Tudors
Holbein
39
4 problems wit church during Reformation
War Political power Wasting money on luxuries Selling of indulgences
40
Martin Luther
German monk and catholic priest Disagree with abuses of church 1527 posted 95 theses in church door It questioned and protested sale of indulgences and corruption
41
Invented of moveable type
Johann Gutenburg
42
Johannes tetzel
German Dominican friar. Preached indulgences. Sparked Luther's reaction. In effect he became a salesman whose product revolved into the reformation.
43
Roman Catholic
Salvation comes from good deeds Leaders pick next leaders Pope's interpretation of bible is law Indulgences
44
Lutheran church
Salvation comes from belief in God Bible is the only authority Priests were allowed to marry and wear normal clothes
45
Calvinistic church
Predestination (predetermined fate at birth) Theocracy Doctrine of hard work
46
Similarities of Lutheranism and Calvinism
Christian Simple humble lives Choose church leader
47
Theocracy
Country is run by religious leaders
48
Predestination
Fate is decided at birth
49
Counter Reformation (Catholic Reformation)
Catholic Church trying to fix itself so people stop leaving. Pope Paul IIII created the council of Trent-leads the reform from within, gets rid of indulgences. Society of Jesus goes to war with the Protestants.
50
Founder of the society of Jesus
Ignatius Loyola
51
Society of Jesus
Jesuits
52
Copernicus
Refused the idea that the sun and planets orbited around the earth, had no proof. Polish churchman, heliocentric theory. Father of scientific revolution.
53
Copernicus works
On the revolution of heavenly spheres
54
Galileo
Made the telescope. Verified Copernican theory. Father of experimental science. Discovered the moon has craters. 2 different objects of different weights hit the ground at the same time. Forced to deny his works were valid
55
Galileo works
De Monty Starry messenger System of the world Telescope
56
Newton
Gravity. Optics. Light consists of a spectrum of colors. Newtons cannon. Gravity keeps moon in orbit. Calculus.
57
Newtons 3 laws
Object in motion will stay in motion. Force=mass*acceleration Every action has a counter action.
58
Newtons works
Principia
59
Wollstonecraft
Moshe stressed equal woman's rights and opportunity | Right to education
60
Wollstonecraft works
Vindication on the rights of women
61
Kepler
German Astronomer. Developed logarithms to calculate rudolphine tables. Laws of planetary motion. Mathematically proved planet moved in an eclipse not and orbit. Proved Copernican theory.
62
Laws of Motion
``` Elliptical orbit (not circular). A line joining planets sweep out equal ares of intervals of time. Square of orbital period of planet is proportional with axis if orbit ```
63
Hobbes
Questioned if women were naturally subordinate men. People are naturally cruel, greedy, selfish.
64
Hobbes works
Leviathan | The social contract (similar to absolute monarchy)
65
Voltaire (+works)
I disagree with what you say but will defend to the death your right to say it. Freedom of speech Candide
66
Smith
Scottish father of economics Free market should regulate business Laissez Faire
67
Smith's work
On the wealth of nations
68
Sun is center
Heliocentric
69
Earth is center
Geocentric
70
Bacon
Successful political career. New system if thought. Scientific method. Inductive reasoning (based in experiments)
71
Bacon's work
Novum Organum
72
Descartes
Rejected every accepted idea he could. I think therefore I am. Math/human consciousness. Animals don't have souls. Deductive reasoning (based on widely accepted rules)
73
Descartes works
Principles of philosophy. Discourse on method.
74
Locke
Refused Devine right. Tried to destroy absolute monarchy. People are basically reasonable and moral. Right to liberty and property. Government protects people. Right to overthrow leaders.
75
Locke works
Second treatise on civil government | Essay concerning human understanding.
76
Rousseau
Glorified human impulses. Heart over mind. Democracy. Naturally good, community comes first. "Born free but everywhere are chains". Believed women were naturally below men, belong in house, no education.
77
Rousseau works
Philosophe The social contract Discourse in science and arts
78
Montesquieu
One of the earliest critics of absolutism. Separation of powers protects liberty. Branches of government.
79
Montesquieu works
Persian letters | The spirit of laws
80
Diderot work
Encyclopédie
81
Natural rights
Laws govern human nature | You are born with certain rights
82
Boyle
Better volume formula. Amount if space has uses depends in pressure. Corrected idea that everything was made of 3 or 4 elements. Proved chemistry a science.
83
Boyle works
New experiments physicomechanical, touching the spring air and it's effects, the skeptical chemist
84
Lavoisier
French chemist. Got gold medal from kind. Theory of combustion.
85
Lavoisier works
Traitor elementrine de chimie
86
Priestly
Discovered CO2+water= soda water. Said to have discovered oxygen (first to publish about it). Mouse under cup experiment.
87
Priestly works
Experiments and observations on different kinds of air, over 150 total works.
88
Cavendish
First to recognize hydrogen as a gas. Composition of water. Measured sir Issac Newtons gravitational constant. First accurate measurement of density of earth. Discovered electric potential.
89
Cavendish's first paper
Factitious airs
90
Leeuwenhoek
Microscope. Discovered bacteria, cells, protazoa. Father of microbiology.
91
Hooke's law
Amount of elastic material will stretch when external stress is placed on it
92
Maria merian
Butterflies. | Works: insects in Surinam, never blimenbuch, wonderful transformation.
93
Vesalius
Human anatomy. Dissections. Scientific experiments must be repeated for accuracy. Work: on the fabric of the human body
94
Harvey
Embryology and blood flown heart is a pump | Works: de montu cordis, de generations
95
Fauchard
Father of modern dentistry. Designed dentures. | Work: lechirugien
96
Spanish adventurers
Conquistadors
97
Aztec agricultural system
Chinampas
98
Quipus
Multi colored tangles if string possibly used by the Inca for writing.
99
Magellan year sailing for place reached claim to fame
1519 Spain East coast of South America, Pacific Ocean 1st to circumnavigate the world
100
Prince Henry the Navigator date sailing for place reached claim to fame
Early 1400's Portugal Azores, Madeira Islands, care verde Navigation school, sponsored voyages
101
Columbus date sailing for place reached claim to fame
1492 Spain Caribbean "Discovered" the new world
102
John Cabot date sailing for place reached claim to fame
1497 England Newfoundland Newfoundland
103
Cortes date sailing for place reached claim to fame
1519 Spain Mexico Spain ruled Mexico, conquered Aztecs
104
Pizarro date sailing for place reached claim to fame
1532 Spain Peru Ruled west coast of South America, conquered incas
105
Inca height of empire
1500's
106
At height inca population/languages
10million people | 200 languages
107
Incan empire was between
Ecuador and chile (3500 miles)
108
Incan capital
Cuzco
109
Incan cultural foundations turned into
Art Agriculture Engineering Imperial organization
110
Inca has continuos ____
War
111
Incan nobles had ____
Royal lineage
112
Incan woman shared ____ with husbands
Values
113
Incans had ___ on every ____
Regulations | Aspect of life
114
Incan homes were
Circular
115
Edict of Nantes
Henry IV 1598 Gave Protestants rights
116
Mercantilism
More goes out than comes into economy
117
Elizabeth I
``` Youngest daughter of Henry VIII Last Tudor monarch Ended war with France Improved economy Restored Anglican Church English Renaissance reached peak during her reign Golden age Excommunicated in 1570 ```
118
Laissez Faire
Free market
119
Patron
Person who gives financial support to a person, organization, cause, activity, ect.
120
City-state
A city that with it's surrounding territory forms an independent state
121
Renaissance
Rebirth
122
Why Renaissance began in Italy
There were ruins of Ancient Rome City states Wealth Invention of printing press
123
French Protestant
Huguenot
124
Author of the Prince
Machiavelli
125
"Better to be hated than loved" | Said by____
Machiavelli
126
Giotto
Italian painter
127
In which painting was linear perspective perfected?
Trinity
128
How renaissance spread
Printing press Books in the vernacular Merchants
129
What renaissance led to
Reformation
130
Northern Renaissance
Religious reformation
131
How printing press affected reformation
Allowed for mass production and distribution of reformation ideas
132
Protestant reformation
16 century movement | Created new sects of Christianity
133
Council of Trent
Catholic church's attempt to fix itself
134
95 theses
Martin Luther's attack on indulgences, put on church door
135
Why Henry VIII split church
For a divorce
136
Index of forbidden books
List of books banned by church
137
Instruments used for astronomical measurements | Calculates latitude
Astrolabe
138
Middle passage
A sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies
139
Were Aztecs lived
Central America
140
caravel
A small, fast Spanish or Portuguese ship
141
Armada
Fleet of ships
142
Divine right
Right to rule from god
143
30 year war
A series of wars in Central Europe beginning in 1618 starting from conflicts between Protestants and Catholics and political struggles between the Holy Roman Empire and other powers.
144
Versailles
Hunting place turned palace by Louis XIV
145
Parliament
Legislature
146
Characteristics of an absolute monarch
Ruled by one person Power is hereditary Complete rule Abuse of power
147
Catherine the Great
Empress of Russia
148
Louis XIV
``` Revoked Edict of Nantes Wasted money Wasted money Versailles Unified France Got new territory Lots of war ```
149
Philip II
``` Defeated at battle of Rocroi War exhausted Spain and England Rebelled in Aragon Fought Pope Clement VIII Died in 1598 Made peace with France Bankrupt Spain Edict of Nantes ```
150
James I
``` Believed in Divine right Hated parliament Perseud unpopular opinions Accused of being procatholic Clashed with Protestants Raised taxes to go to foreign war ```
151
Charles I
``` Accepted petition of rights in 1628 No parliament from 1629-1640 Tried to force Anglican prayer books into Scottish church Parliament forced itself on him in 1642 Beheaded by his people ```
152
Oliver Cromwell
``` "lord Protector" Supported demands for back pay Abolished House of Lords "Rump parliament" Thinly veiled dictatorship Increased trade ```
153
Roundheads
Parliaments army
154
Cavileers
Charles's army
155
Charles II
``` Doesn't push religion on England Ruled along with parliament Manipulated political system Accepted petition of rights Forced ministers to resign ```
156
James II
Determined to be absolute Openly catholic Forced into exile Bill of righs
157
Free Market
An economic system in which prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses
158
Philosophes
French intellectuals
159
Physiocrat
18th century French economists
160
Social contract
Hobbes Locke and Rousseau wrote some | Said you should sacrifice some indivisible freedom for state protection
161
Brahe
Danish astronomer | Designed instruments to plot accurately positions of planets, sun, moon, and stars
162
John Calvin
French theologian and reformer. Leader of Protestant reformation
163
John Knox
Scottish theologian who wrote a history of the reformation in Scotland
164
Pope Paul III
Italian pope who excommunicated Henry VIII | Initiated council of Trent
165
Pope Paul IV
Set up Roman Inquisitiom

World Civ (1 decks)

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