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World Civ > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

0
Q

Cosmo de Medici ruled for ___ years

A

30

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1
Q

Medici

A

Mankind family ruling Florence in 1478. Almost assassinated by the Pazzi family. Part of the signory (a council ruling Florence). Giovanni payed for hospitals and churches. Usury.

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2
Q

Casino de medici’s grandsons name?

A

Lorenzo

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3
Q

Dante

A

Author of divine comedy.

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4
Q

What’s divine come day about

A

Virgil going through hell purgatory and heaven (with beatrice)

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5
Q

Dante importance

A

Wrote about real people
Interest in the common man
Wrote in the vernacular
Brought together religion and worldly views

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6
Q

Petrarch

A

Italian poet (considered first modern poet)

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7
Q

Petrarch importance

A

Broke from the Medieval courtly conventions and defined true love (with Laura)
Wrote with simplicity and purity
Studied classical texts and followed their example

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8
Q

Machiavelli

A

Author of the prince. One of Florence’s leading patriots. Soderini’s secretary for 14 years. Thrown in jail and tortured by Medici family.

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9
Q

In the prince what defeated Cesare

A

Bad luck

Didn’t kill the entire family that came before him

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10
Q

What does Machiavellian mean?

A

Cleverly dishonest

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11
Q

Ideal renaissance man

A 
Not tall not short
Understand that fights may happen
Be quick to take advantage
Courage
Prudence
Only fights for honor
Daring
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12
Q

Idea renaissance woman

A 
Prudence
Magnanimity 
Continence 
Kindness
Discretion
Ability to manage property
Smart
Doesn't talk about shit she doesn't know about
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13
Q

Linear perspective

A

Use of parallel lines receding in the distance to create depth

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14
Q

Vernacular

A

Native language to the place it’s written

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15
Q

Da Vinci

A 
Artist-painted
Scientist-dissected bodies
Engineer-inventions
Known for wondering, exploring, and a curious mind
Didn't complete most works
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16
Q

Da Vinci works

A

The last supper

Mona Lisa

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17
Q

Donatello

A

Known for being one of the greatest sculptors in both marble and bronze

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18
Q

Donatello works

A

David
Saint George
Equestrian

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19
Q

Michelangelo

A 
Artist-painter
Sculpture-marble
Engineer 
Poet
Known for ill temper, outbursts, very modest
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20
Q

Michelangelo works

A

Sistine chapel
David
Pieta

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21
Q

Raphael

A

Known for painting Madonna and child

Taught by Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo

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22
Q

Raphael works

A

School of Athens

Madonnas

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23
Q

Masaccio work

A

Trinity

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24
Q

Ghiberti work

A

Bronze doors of Baptistry in Florence

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25
Q

Brunelleschi work

A

Dome in Florence

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26
Q

Miguel de Cervantes country works and achievements

A

Spain
Don Quixote de La Mancha
Exposed inadequacies of the chivalratic idealism. Satire

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27
Q

Pieter Brueghel the elder country works and achievements

A

Netherlands (Fladers)
Village squares, landscapes, every day life
Painted with expert eye for detail. Realism.

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28
Q

Francois Rabelais country works achievements

A

France
Gargantua and Pantagruel
Showed hypocrisy in Church and Politics. Satire.

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29
Q

William Shakespeare country works and achievements

A

England
37 total
Showed real emotion, realism.

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30
Q

Alberect dürer country works and achievements

A

Germany
Numerous wood cuts and engravings
Realism, symbolism, gothic art

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31
Q

Jan Van Eyck country works and achievements

A

Netherlands (Flanders)
Arnolfini and wife
Perfected oil painting, realism

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32
Q

Paint made with egg and powder

A

Tempura

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33
Q

Chiaroscuro

A

Use of shadowing to inhabited and make more realistic

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34
Q

Visual effect that makes things far away look smaller

A

Foreshortening

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35
Q

Painting on wet plaster

A

Fresco

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36
Q

Humanism

A

Study and popularization of Classic Greek and roman texts

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37
Q

Painter of the ambassador

A

Holbein

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38
Q

Painter of the Tudors

A

Holbein

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39
Q

4 problems wit church during Reformation

A

War
Political power
Wasting money on luxuries
Selling of indulgences

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40
Q

Martin Luther

A

German monk and catholic priest
Disagree with abuses of church
1527 posted 95 theses in church door
It questioned and protested sale of indulgences and corruption

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41
Q

Invented of moveable type

A

Johann Gutenburg

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42
Q

Johannes tetzel

A

German Dominican friar. Preached indulgences. Sparked Luther’s reaction. In effect he became a salesman whose product revolved into the reformation.

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43
Q

Roman Catholic

A

Salvation comes from good deeds
Leaders pick next leaders
Pope’s interpretation of bible is law
Indulgences

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44
Q

Lutheran church

A

Salvation comes from belief in God
Bible is the only authority
Priests were allowed to marry and wear normal clothes

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45
Q

Calvinistic church

A

Predestination (predetermined fate at birth)
Theocracy
Doctrine of hard work

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46
Q

Similarities of Lutheranism and Calvinism

A

Christian
Simple humble lives
Choose church leader

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47
Q

Theocracy

A

Country is run by religious leaders

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48
Q

Predestination

A

Fate is decided at birth

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49
Q

Counter Reformation (Catholic Reformation)

A

Catholic Church trying to fix itself so people stop leaving.
Pope Paul IIII created the council of Trent-leads the reform from within, gets rid of indulgences.
Society of Jesus goes to war with the Protestants.

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50
Q

Founder of the society of Jesus

A

Ignatius Loyola

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51
Q

Society of Jesus

A

Jesuits

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52
Q

Copernicus

A

Refused the idea that the sun and planets orbited around the earth, had no proof. Polish churchman, heliocentric theory. Father of scientific revolution.

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53
Q

Copernicus works

A

On the revolution of heavenly spheres

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54
Q

Galileo

A

Made the telescope. Verified Copernican theory. Father of experimental science. Discovered the moon has craters. 2 different objects of different weights hit the ground at the same time. Forced to deny his works were valid

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55
Q

Galileo works

A

De Monty
Starry messenger
System of the world
Telescope

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56
Q

Newton

A

Gravity. Optics. Light consists of a spectrum of colors. Newtons cannon. Gravity keeps moon in orbit. Calculus.

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57
Q

Newtons 3 laws

A

Object in motion will stay in motion.
Force=mass*acceleration
Every action has a counter action.

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58
Q

Newtons works

A

Principia

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59
Q

Wollstonecraft

A

Moshe stressed equal woman’s rights and opportunity

Right to education

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60
Q

Wollstonecraft works

A

Vindication on the rights of women

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61
Q

Kepler

A

German Astronomer. Developed logarithms to calculate rudolphine tables.
Laws of planetary motion. Mathematically proved planet moved in an eclipse not and orbit. Proved Copernican theory.

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62
Q

Laws of Motion

A 
Elliptical orbit (not circular). 
A line joining planets sweep out equal ares of intervals of time. 
Square of orbital period of planet is proportional with axis if orbit
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63
Q

Hobbes

A

Questioned if women were naturally subordinate men. People are naturally cruel, greedy, selfish.

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64
Q

Hobbes works

A

Leviathan

The social contract (similar to absolute monarchy)

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65
Q

Voltaire (+works)

A

I disagree with what you say but will defend to the death your right to say it. Freedom of speech
Candide

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66
Q

Smith

A

Scottish father of economics
Free market should regulate business
Laissez Faire

67
Q

Smith’s work

A

On the wealth of nations

68
Q

Sun is center

A

Heliocentric

69
Q

Earth is center

A

Geocentric

70
Q

Bacon

A

Successful political career. New system if thought. Scientific method. Inductive reasoning (based in experiments)

71
Q

Bacon’s work

A

Novum Organum

72
Q

Descartes

A

Rejected every accepted idea he could. I think therefore I am. Math/human consciousness. Animals don’t have souls. Deductive reasoning (based on widely accepted rules)

73
Q

Descartes works

A

Principles of philosophy. Discourse on method.

74
Q

Locke

A

Refused Devine right. Tried to destroy absolute monarchy. People are basically reasonable and moral. Right to liberty and property. Government protects people. Right to overthrow leaders.

75
Q

Locke works

A

Second treatise on civil government

Essay concerning human understanding.

76
Q

Rousseau

A

Glorified human impulses. Heart over mind. Democracy. Naturally good, community comes first. “Born free but everywhere are chains”. Believed women were naturally below men, belong in house, no education.

77
Q

Rousseau works

A

Philosophe
The social contract
Discourse in science and arts

78
Q

Montesquieu

A

One of the earliest critics of absolutism. Separation of powers protects liberty. Branches of government.

79
Q

Montesquieu works

A

Persian letters

The spirit of laws

80
Q

Diderot work

A

Encyclopédie

81
Q

Natural rights

A

Laws govern human nature

You are born with certain rights

82
Q

Boyle

A

Better volume formula. Amount if space has uses depends in pressure. Corrected idea that everything was made of 3 or 4 elements. Proved chemistry a science.

83
Q

Boyle works

A

New experiments physicomechanical, touching the spring air and it’s effects, the skeptical chemist

84
Q

Lavoisier

A

French chemist. Got gold medal from kind. Theory of combustion.

85
Q

Lavoisier works

A

Traitor elementrine de chimie

86
Q

Priestly

A

Discovered CO2+water= soda water. Said to have discovered oxygen (first to publish about it). Mouse under cup experiment.

87
Q

Priestly works

A

Experiments and observations on different kinds of air, over 150 total works.

88
Q

Cavendish

A

First to recognize hydrogen as a gas. Composition of water. Measured sir Issac Newtons gravitational constant. First accurate measurement of density of earth. Discovered electric potential.

89
Q

Cavendish’s first paper

A

Factitious airs

90
Q

Leeuwenhoek

A

Microscope. Discovered bacteria, cells, protazoa. Father of microbiology.

91
Q

Hooke’s law

A

Amount of elastic material will stretch when external stress is placed on it

92
Q

Maria merian

A

Butterflies.

Works: insects in Surinam, never blimenbuch, wonderful transformation.

93
Q

Vesalius

A

Human anatomy. Dissections. Scientific experiments must be repeated for accuracy.
Work: on the fabric of the human body

94
Q

Harvey

A

Embryology and blood flown heart is a pump

Works: de montu cordis, de generations

95
Q

Fauchard

A

Father of modern dentistry. Designed dentures.

Work: lechirugien

96
Q

Spanish adventurers

A

Conquistadors

97
Q

Aztec agricultural system

A

Chinampas

98
Q

Quipus

A

Multi colored tangles if string possibly used by the Inca for writing.

99
Q

Magellan year sailing for place reached claim to fame

A

1519
Spain
East coast of South America, Pacific Ocean
1st to circumnavigate the world

100
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator date sailing for place reached claim to fame

A

Early 1400’s
Portugal
Azores, Madeira Islands, care verde
Navigation school, sponsored voyages

101
Q

Columbus date sailing for place reached claim to fame

A

1492
Spain
Caribbean
“Discovered” the new world

102
Q

John Cabot date sailing for place reached claim to fame

A

1497
England
Newfoundland
Newfoundland

103
Q

Cortes date sailing for place reached claim to fame

A

1519
Spain
Mexico
Spain ruled Mexico, conquered Aztecs

104
Q

Pizarro date sailing for place reached claim to fame

A

1532
Spain
Peru
Ruled west coast of South America, conquered incas

105
Q

Inca height of empire

A

1500’s

106
Q

At height inca population/languages

A

10million people

200 languages

107
Q

Incan empire was between

A

Ecuador and chile (3500 miles)

108
Q

Incan capital

A

Cuzco

109
Q

Incan cultural foundations turned into

A

Art
Agriculture
Engineering
Imperial organization

110
Q

Inca has continuos ____

A

War

111
Q

Incan nobles had ____

A

Royal lineage

112
Q

Incan woman shared ____ with husbands

A

Values

113
Q

Incans had ___ on every ____

A

Regulations

Aspect of life

114
Q

Incan homes were

A

Circular

115
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

Henry IV
1598
Gave Protestants rights

116
Q

Mercantilism

A

More goes out than comes into economy

117
Q

Elizabeth I

A 
Youngest daughter of Henry VIII
Last Tudor monarch
Ended war with France
Improved economy
Restored Anglican Church
English Renaissance reached peak during her reign
Golden age
Excommunicated in 1570
118
Q

Laissez Faire

A

Free market

119
Q

Patron

A

Person who gives financial support to a person, organization, cause, activity, ect.

120
Q

City-state

A

A city that with it’s surrounding territory forms an independent state

121
Q

Renaissance

A

Rebirth

122
Q

Why Renaissance began in Italy

A

There were ruins of Ancient Rome
City states
Wealth
Invention of printing press

123
Q

French Protestant

A

Huguenot

124
Q

Author of the Prince

A

Machiavelli

125
Q

“Better to be hated than loved”

Said by____

A

Machiavelli

126
Q

Giotto

A

Italian painter

127
Q

In which painting was linear perspective perfected?

A

Trinity

128
Q

How renaissance spread

A

Printing press
Books in the vernacular
Merchants

129
Q

What renaissance led to

A

Reformation

130
Q

Northern Renaissance

A

Religious reformation

131
Q

How printing press affected reformation

A

Allowed for mass production and distribution of reformation ideas

132
Q

Protestant reformation

A

16 century movement

Created new sects of Christianity

133
Q

Council of Trent

A

Catholic church’s attempt to fix itself

134
Q

95 theses

A

Martin Luther’s attack on indulgences, put on church door

135
Q

Why Henry VIII split church

A

For a divorce

136
Q

Index of forbidden books

A

List of books banned by church

137
Q

Instruments used for astronomical measurements

Calculates latitude

A

Astrolabe

138
Q

Middle passage

A

A sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies

139
Q

Were Aztecs lived

A

Central America

140
Q

caravel

A

A small, fast Spanish or Portuguese ship

141
Q

Armada

A

Fleet of ships

142
Q

Divine right

A

Right to rule from god

143
Q

30 year war

A

A series of wars in Central Europe beginning in 1618 starting from conflicts between Protestants and Catholics and political struggles between the Holy Roman Empire and other powers.

144
Q

Versailles

A

Hunting place turned palace by Louis XIV

145
Q

Parliament

A

Legislature

146
Q

Characteristics of an absolute monarch

A

Ruled by one person
Power is hereditary
Complete rule
Abuse of power

147
Q

Catherine the Great

A

Empress of Russia

148
Q

Louis XIV

A 
Revoked Edict of Nantes
Wasted money
Wasted money 
Versailles
Unified France
Got new territory
Lots of war
149
Q

Philip II

A 
Defeated at battle of Rocroi
War exhausted Spain and England
Rebelled in Aragon
Fought Pope Clement VIII
Died in 1598
Made peace with France
Bankrupt Spain
Edict of Nantes
150
Q

James I

A 
Believed in Divine right
Hated parliament
Perseud unpopular opinions
Accused of being procatholic
Clashed with Protestants
Raised taxes to go to foreign war
151
Q

Charles I

A 
Accepted petition of rights in 1628
No parliament from 1629-1640
Tried to force Anglican prayer books into Scottish church 
Parliament forced itself on him in 1642
Beheaded by his people
152
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A 
"lord Protector"
Supported demands for back pay
Abolished House of Lords
"Rump parliament"
Thinly veiled dictatorship
Increased trade
153
Q

Roundheads

A

Parliaments army

154
Q

Cavileers

A

Charles’s army

155
Q

Charles II

A 
Doesn't push religion on England
Ruled along with parliament
Manipulated political system
Accepted petition of rights
Forced ministers to resign
156
Q

James II

A

Determined to be absolute
Openly catholic
Forced into exile
Bill of righs

157
Q

Free Market

A

An economic system in which prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses

158
Q

Philosophes

A

French intellectuals

159
Q

Physiocrat

A

18th century French economists

160
Q

Social contract

A

Hobbes Locke and Rousseau wrote some

Said you should sacrifice some indivisible freedom for state protection

161
Q

Brahe

A

Danish astronomer

Designed instruments to plot accurately positions of planets, sun, moon, and stars

162
Q

John Calvin

A

French theologian and reformer. Leader of Protestant reformation

163
Q

John Knox

A

Scottish theologian who wrote a history of the reformation in Scotland

164
Q

Pope Paul III

A

Italian pope who excommunicated Henry VIII

Initiated council of Trent

165
Q

Pope Paul IV

A

Set up Roman Inquisitiom

World Civ (1 decks)

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