Final Flashcards
What are the phases in mitosis?
IPMATC Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
What are the phases in interphase?
G1, S, G2, and M+Cytokinesis.
What happens in interphase?
- Period of cell growth
- Cell synthesizes new organelles
What happens in prophase?
- Chromatin fibers become more tightly coiled and folded
- Mitotic spindle begins to form
- Microtubules rapidly grow out form the centrosomes
- Forces exerted by protein “motors” move the chromosomes toward the center of the cell.
What happens in metaphase?
- Mitotic spindle is fully formed; poles at the opposite ends of the cell.
- Chromosomes meet up on the metaphase plate
- Microtubules attached to a particular chromatid all come from one pole of the spindle.
What happens in anaphase?
- Chromosomes separate.
- Spindle microtubules shorten.
- Cell begins to elongate
What happens in telophase?
- Cell elongates more.
- Daughter nuclei appear at the two poles of the cell.
- Chromatin uncoils, mitotic spindle disappears.
What happens in cytokinesis?
- Division of the cytoplasm
- Two daughter cells completely separating soon after the end of mitosis.
What chemicals and processes control mitosis?
Controlled by a series of a cell cycle control system which is a cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle.
-The proteins of the cell cycle control system must trigger the separation of sister chromatids that marks the start of anaphase.
How does cancer happen?
- Cancer cells do not heed the normal signals that regulate the cell cycle.
- Tumor is synthesized if a malignant cell evades destruction.
- Then benign/malignant tumors grow.
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?
Benign - remain at the original site
Malignant - spread into neighboring tissues and other parts of the body
What are the phases of meiosis?
IPMAT(1)PMAT(2)
What happens in Meiosis I?
Same thng that happens in mitosis except with an haploid product (n where n=2).
What happens in Meiosis II?
No further chromosomal duplication; sister chromatids separate during anaphase II. The result is 4 haploid daughter cells.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
Gregor Mendel was a monk who deduced the fundamental principles of genetics by breeding garden peas.
