Final Flashcards by lady mcfuck

Q

Value

A

The measure of affirms capability of selling what it makes them more than the cost incurred to make it

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Q

Five forces model

A

Suppliers of inputs buyers of outputs substitute products potential new entrance rivalry among competing firms

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Q

Strategy

A

Helps asses the company’s present situation identify the direction it should go and determine how we will get there

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Q

Cost leadership

A

Reduces costs below those of competitors for a given level quality

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Q

Differentiation

A

Creates value by developing innovative products that rivals find hard to copy

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Q

Value chain

A

The set of Link activities the company performs to design produce market distribute and support product

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Q

Primary activities

A

Activities that design make sell and deliver product

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Q

Support activities

A

Activities that implement primary activities

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Q

Kyoto protocol

A

A pact between nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

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Q

Sustainability

A

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

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Q

Foreign corrupt practices act

A

US legislation that makes bribery illegal

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Q

Stakeholders

A

Include shareholders employees customers and society

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Q

Utilitarianism

A

An action is right if it produces the greatest amount of good

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Q

Deontological approach

A

Moral judgments are made and moral reasoning occurs independently of consequence

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Q

Normativism

A

There are universal standards of behavior that all cultures should follow

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Q

Extraterritoriality

A

Imposing domestic legal and ethical practices on the foreign subsidiaries of the company’s headquarters in their jurisdictions

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Q

Exporting

A

Sales of goods and services produced by firm based in one country to customers residing is another

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Q

Small and medium-size enterprises sme

A

Have fewer than 500 employees to For almost 97 percent of exports

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Q

Export intensity

A

Affirms output that is exported

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Q

Incremental internationalization

A

Physical distance cultural ties and market similarities fundamentally shaping how companies approach export

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Q

Serendipity

A

Making and fortunate discovery by accident

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Q

Direct exporting

A

Involves independent representatives distributors or retailers outside of the exporters home country

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Q

Indirect exporting

A

Products sold to an intermediary in the homemarket which then export them

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Q

Importing

A

The purchase of a good or service by buyer in one country from a seller in another

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Export intermediaries

Third parties that provide international traders a variety of services

Customs agents

Enforce the rules of trade for particular countries

Customs broker

Helps an importer navigate the regulations imposed by customs agencies

Freight forwarders

Specializes in moving goods from sellers to buyers

Third-party logistics

A trade intermediary that apply sophisticated technologies and systems to supervise trade Logistics

Transaction chain

Financial logistic legal test that represent a link in the chain of the firm strategy

Export plan

Defining current resources specifying objectives and formalizing commitment requires the company defined objectives and set timelines

Countertrade

In which the seller excepts goods for services rather than currency as payment

Organization structure

The formal arrangement of jobs that specifies roles responsibilities and relationships

Vertical differentiation

The balance between the centralization and decentralization of authority

Horizontal differentiation

The matter of specifying which people do which jobs in which units

Centralization

How high up decision-making goes

Decentralization

How low down decision-making goes

Globality

Eliminates the need to centralized or decentralized activity because you're competing with everyone from everywhere

Unity of command principle

Holds that unbroken chain of command should flow from the CEO to the entry level worker

Neoclassical structures

Emphasize coordinate and cultivate

Boundaryless

Eliminating boundaries that hinder the flow the flow of information and formation of relationships

Virtual organization

A dynamic arrangement among partners that efficiently adapts to market change

Coordination

Sets universal rules and procedures that apply to units worldwide enforces consistency of activities among units

Coordination by plan

Requires interdependent units meet common deadlines and objectives

Coordination by mutual adjustment

Collaboration among coworkers help implement strategy

Control systems

The means of forceful change

Organization culture

The shared meaning in and beliefs that shape our employees interpret information make decisions and implement actions

Supply chain

The coordination of materials info and funds from the initial raw material supplier to the customer

Logistics

Part of the supply chain process that plans implement and controls the efficient and effective flow of and storage of good services and information

Off shore manufacturing

Any investment that takes place in the country other then home country

Electronic data interchange

Electronic linkage of suppliers customers and third-party intermediaries to expedite documents and financial flows

Enterprise resource planning

Software that can link information flows from different parts of a business and from different geographic areas

E-commerce

The use of the Internet to join together suppliers of companies and companies with customers

Extranet

The linkage to in formation systems via the Internet

Quality

Meeting or exceeding expectations of a customer

Private technology exchange

And online collaboration model that brings manufactures distributors value-added resellers and customers together to execute trading transactions

Zero defects

Refusal to tolerate defects of any time

Acceptable quality level

A tolerable level of defects that can be corrected to repair and service warranty

Demmings 14 points

And approach the quality encompassing the idea that the responsibility for quality resides within the policies and practices of managers

Total quality management

A process that stresses customer satisfaction and employee involvement and continuous improvement of quality

Six Sigma

A quality control system aimed at eliminating defects

Sourcing

The process of affirm having inputs supplied to it from outside suppliers

Outsourcing

Refers to a situation in which one company externalizes a process or function to another business

Supply chaining

When a company decides to outsource its parts or products or even manufacturing to an external company

Vertical integration

When a company owns the entire supply network or at least a significant part of it

Industrial clusters

Buyers and suppliers locate close to each other to facilitate business

Foreign trade zone

Special occasions for storing domestic and importing inventory in order to avoid paying duties until the inventory is used in production or sold

Human resource management

Refers to of all activities involving the people in the company

Ex-pat

One who leaves his or her native country to live and work in another

Third country nationals

An employee who is a citizen of neither the home nor the host country

Localization

The process whereby an Ex pat retains a foreign assignment by excepting the status of local hire including salaries

Ethnocentric framework

The belief that the management principles and business practices use the headquarters are superior to those used by rivals and other country

Geocentric framework

Seeks the best people for key jobs throughout the organization regardless of nationality

Ex-pat failure

When a manager has to return home prematurely due to poor performance

Balance sheet approach

Equalizes purchasing power across country so Ex pat have the same living standards in their foreign posting that they had at home

Repatriation

The process of reintegrating and expat into the home company upon return

Polycentric framework

Uses the host country nationals to manage local subsidiaries