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Com 101 2 > Final! > Flashcards

Final! Flashcards

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1
Q

Things to avoid

A

Avoid gender pronouns and stereotyping jobs by gender.

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2
Q

What is identification?

A

Formation of common bonds between the speaker and the audience

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3
Q

4 parts of any story

A
  1. Plot
  2. Character
  3. Setting
  4. Thyme
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4
Q

Target audience

A

People who your speech is aiming to affect.

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5
Q

Problem/solution structure

A
  1. Informative - Problem and it affects you.

2. Persuasive - Doing something about the situation.

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6
Q

Monroe’s motivated sequence

A
  1. Attention - Intro
  2. Need - Body
  3. Satisfaction - Body
  4. Visualization - Body
  5. Action - Conclusion
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7
Q

Connotative meanings

A

Meanings people associate with words.

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8
Q

Denotative meanings

A

Precise, literal meanings.

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9
Q

How to use language?

A
  1. Accurately
  2. Clearly
  3. Vividly
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10
Q

Use language appropriate to

A
  1. Audience
  2. Occasion
  3. Topic
  4. Speaker
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11
Q

Simile

A

Comparison that uses like or ASS

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12
Q

Metaphor

A

Comparison that does not use like or as

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13
Q

Rhythm and rhyme

A

Rhyming words/ using tempo and what not to make words sound pleasant.

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14
Q

Parralellism

A

Using similar arrangements of words like rich and poor, wise and foolish.

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15
Q

Repetition

A

Reusing the same words/phrases.

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16
Q

Alliteration and assonance

A

Using words that have similar firs/last vowels.

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17
Q

Antithesis

A

Putting together opposing ideas and thoughts.

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18
Q

Personification

A

ascribing human qualities to non human things.

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19
Q

Allusion

A

An indirect reference using a situation with similar premise.

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20
Q

Irony

A

The expression of one’s meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

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21
Q

Genre

A

Types of speech.

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22
Q

*General doctrine of probability

A

Protagorus

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23
Q

*Manuscript speech

A

Completely planned out; essay style.

Ex: State of the union speech by the president.

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24
Q

*Extemporaneous speech

A

NOT completely planned out speeches, like what we do in class. No speech presentations… (the fuq?)

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25
Q

*The first systematic approach

A

Aristotle

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26
Q

*3 basic purposes of public speaking

A
  1. Entertaining
  2. Informing
  3. Pursuading
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27
Q

*3 modes of persuasion

A
  1. Ethos -
  2. Pathos -
  3. Logos -
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28
Q

*Biggest benefit of a well planned preparation outline?

A

Helps discover which points have sufficient or insufficient supporting material.

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29
Q

*When a speaker tries to disprove or dispute arguments?

A

Conversion

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30
Q

*Deliberative speech

A

Deals with the future/action.

31
Q

*Forensic speeches

A

Concerned with judicial practices.

32
Q

*Most significant resource for creating en effective speaking style?

A

Language

33
Q

*7 patterns of reasoning

A
  1. Principle -
  2. Example - Examples bro… duh.
  3. Analogy - Comparing 2 things. US being compared to China.
  4. Signs - Infers the existence of one thing, because of the existence of something else. When there’s fire, there’s smoke.
  5. Causes - Identifying one thing as the cause and another as the effect. When you replace light bulbs with florescent ones, you’re not just changing a light bulb, you’re changing the world.
  6. Testimony - Testimony from an expert. Police chief said that burglary rates are exceptionally high.
  7. Narrative - Speaker tells a story.
34
Q

*Rhetorical proof

A
  1. Claims
  2. Supporting material
  3. Reasoning
    Ex: Established through interactions between the speaker and the listeners. The speaker and audience come up with proof together. Not always correct but offers support.
35
Q

*Oral style

A

Less complex than write style.

36
Q

*How can you increase the clarity of your message?

A

Using concrete words, maxims, and active voice.

37
Q

*Reflexivity

A

Tendency of speakers to refer to themselves and to the audience more than writers.

38
Q

*An example of defining informative strategy?

A

Informative speech focused on clarifying information.

39
Q

*What is NOT persuasion?

A

Increasing listeners understanding of the topic.

40
Q

*Building a strategic purpose allows?

A

Allows the speakers to respond to the rhetorical situation.

41
Q

*What is the biggest draw back to visual aids?

A

Distracts the audience from the message.

42
Q

*Who developed the concept of dramatism in humans as symbol users?

A

Burke!

43
Q

*What is the purpose of a deliberative speech?

A

What should we do?

44
Q

*Ethnocentrism

A

The tendency to believe your own culture’s views as being superior than everyone else’s.

45
Q

*What are characteristics of an effective delivery?

A
  1. Natural

2. Uncontrived

46
Q

*Audience demographics

A

Comes from the audience analysis. Consists of audiences gender, age range, and education level.

47
Q

*Most audiences are ___?

A

Heterogeneous (Diverse in their thoughts, beliefs, and interests).

48
Q

*Examination of audience culture is?

A

An analysis of the audience’s beliefs, values, and interests.

49
Q

*Ciceros

A

Created the 5 cannons.

50
Q

*5 cannons

A
  1. Invention
  2. Organization
  3. Language
  4. Memory
  5. Delivery
51
Q

*What creates opportunities and constraints?

A

Audience and occasion.

52
Q

*Example of target audience selection

A

Taget neutral.

53
Q

*4 Basic modes of presentation

A
  1. Manuscript - Prepared word for word. Commencement address by the president.
  2. Impromptu - Little or no preparation. Someone in a meeting says something that makes you want to speak up so you come up with a speech out of no where.
  3. Memory - Fuckin’ duh.
  4. Extemporaneous - Prepared but not memorized word for word. Like what we do in class.
54
Q

5 part scheme called pentad

A
  1. The act - What took place.
  2. The scene - Where it took place.
  3. The agent - Person speaking.
  4. The agency - The means employed by the agent.
  5. The purpose - Why the act was performed.
55
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of motivation

A
  1. Biological needs - Air, food, water.
  2. Safety needs - Security of body, employment, health.
  3. Identity needs - Friendship, family, sexual intimacy.
  4. Relationship needs - Self esteem, confidence, and respect.
  5. Self actualization needs - Morality, creativity.
56
Q

Selective perception

A
  1. Denial - Refusing to believe something even though extensive evidence supports it.
  2. Dismissal - They dispute that the truth applies SPECIFICALLY to them. Smokers; “it won’t happen to me.”
  3. Belittling the source - Attacking the credibility of the source.
  4. Compartmentalization - 2 conflicting believes. Hypocrite; believe everyone should be able to speak but getting mad that a person with conflicting ideals is allowed to speak.
57
Q

Selective influence

A

Audiences can be selective on how they’re influenced by a message.

  1. Multiple meanings polysemy - A statement can be interpreted in more than one way.
  2. Boomerang effect - The opposite effect of what the speaker intends actually happens.
58
Q

2 basic structures for persuasive speeches

A
  1. Problem-solution structure

2. Monroe’s motivated sequence

59
Q

Benefits of using visual aids

A
  1. Interest
  2. Credibility - Helps audience believe what you’re talking about.
  3. Comprehension - Helps audience see what you’re talking about.
  4. Retention
  5. Argument
60
Q

4 parts of the rhetorical situation

A
  1. Occasion (where it’s given)
  2. Audience (who it’s given)
  3. Speech (message give)
  4. Speaker (who gives it)
61
Q

Audience and occasion create what?

A

Opportunities and constraints

62
Q

Formal methods of audience analysis

A
  1. Market research
  2. Focus groups
  3. Surveys
63
Q

Informal methods of audience analysis

A
  1. Demographics
  2. Talking to other speakers on of the same subject.
  3. Talking to a host, moderator, or teacher
64
Q

Agenda setting

A

Give speech to get people to think about a particular thing. Speech about Glaciers to get people to think about global warming.

65
Q

Creating positive or negative feeling

A

Not trying to get people to actually do something, just sharing a happy/sad feeling. Usually at a funeral or wedding.

66
Q

Strengthening/weakening commitment

A

Usually in political speeches.

67
Q

Conversion

A

Trying to get people to think another way about something.

68
Q

Simplicity

A

Main ideas should be stated in short, to-the-point ways.

69
Q

Discreteness

A

Main points should not overlap and should be separate.

70
Q

Parallel structure

A

Main points should be stated in similar fashion
The United Way is effective.
The United Way is efficient.
The United Way is humane.

71
Q

Balance

A

If you have 3 main points that talk about values of the United Way and one that talks about finance, it’s not balanced.

72
Q

Coherence

A

Main points should deal with the topic as a whole. All topics should be about the United Way.

73
Q

Completeness

A

If you want to convince ppl to donate to the United Way but fail to tell what is done with the money than it’s not complete.

Com 101 2 (1 decks)

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