Final Flashcards
Buckley Amendment
A federal law, also called the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, that describes who may have access to a student’s educational records.
Academic Freedom
The right of teachers to choose both content and teaching methods based on their professional judgement.
Collective bargaining
The process that occurs when a local chapter of a professional organization negotiates with a school district over the rights of the teachers and the conditions of employment.
Copyright Laws
Federal laws designed to protect the intellectual property of authors, which includes printed matter, videos, computer software, and various other types of original work.
Corporal Punishment
The use of physical, punitive disciplinary actions to correct student misbehavior.
Due Process
A set of legal guidelines, based on the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, that must be followed to protect individuals from arbitrary or capricious actions by those in authority.
Establishment Clause
The clause of the First Amendment that prohibits the establishment of a national religion.
Fair-use Guidelines
Policies that specify limitations in the use of copyrighted materials for educational purposes.
Free Exercise Clause
The clause of the First Amendment that prohibits the government from interfering with individuals’ rights to hold religious beliefs and freely practice religion.
Grievance
A formal complaint against an employer alleging unsatisfactory working conditions.
In Loco Parentis
A principle meaning “in place of parents” that requires teachers to use the same judgement and care as parents in protecting the children under their supervision.
Licensure
The process by which a state evaluates the credentials of prospective teachers to ensure that they have achieved satisfactory levels of teaching competence and are morally fit to work with young.
Negligence
A teacher’s or other school employee’s failure to exercise sufficient care in protecting students from injury.
Notoriety
The extent to which a teacher’s behavior becomes known and is controversial.
Professional Ethics
A set of moral standards for acceptable professional behavior.
Segregation
The separation of students based on racial or socioeconomic criteria.
Reduction in Force
The elimination of teaching positions because of declining student enrollment or school funds. Also known as “riffing.”
Teaching Contract
A legal employment agreement between a teacher and a local school board.
Tenure
A legal safeguard that provides job security by preventing teacher dismissal without cause.
Censorship
The practice of prohibiting objectionable materials, such as certain books used in libraries or in academic classes.
Character Education
A curriculum approach to developing student morality that emphasizes teaching and rewarding moral values and positive character traits, such as honesty and citizenship.
Core Curriculum
A common course of study for all students that includes basic skills and knowledge and is supported by essentialist philosophies.
Curriculum
Everything that teachers teach and students learn in schools.
Explicit Curriculum
The stated curriculum found in textbooks, curriculum guides, and standards, as well as other planned formal education experiences.
Extracurriculum
The part if the curriculum consisting of learning experiences that go beyond the core of students’ formal studies.
Implicit Curriculum
The unstated and sometimes unintended aspects of the curriculum.
Instruction
The strategies teachers use to help students reach learning goals in the curriculum.
Integrated Curriculum
A form of curriculum in which concepts and skills from various disciplines are combined and related.
Intelligent Design
A theory suggesting that certain features of the universe and of living things are so complex that their existence is best explained by an intelligent cause, rather than by an undirected process such as natural selection.
Moral Education
A curricular approach to teaching morality that emphasizes the development of students’ moral reasoning.
Null Curriculum
Topics left out of the course of study.
Phonics
An approach to reading instruction that emphasizes the relationship between letters and the sounds they make and stresses learning basic letter-sound patterns and rules for sounding out words.
Service Learning
An approach to character education that combines service to the community with content-learning objectives.
21st Century Skills
A curriculum reform movement that emphasizes skills such as global awareness, civic literacy, critical thinking, communication, and technology expertise, which people need to function effectively in the 21st century.
Whole Language
An approach to reading instruction that integrates reading into the total literacy process.
