Final Flashcards
What are the two types of thought in adolescence?
Analytic (formal operational) & intuitive (thoughts are from feelings/memories; quick and powerful but may be illogical.
What is the proposed fifth stage?
Postformal: results in more balanced thought as it is a combination of analytic & intuitive thinking which develops in early adulthood.
What are some characteristics of post formal thought?
Cognitive flexibility; which is the ability to know when to show/hide emotions based on situation. ex: don’t cry in front of your boss.
What stage are we in according to Erikson?
identity vs. diffusion: questioning who we are
What are the possible selves?
various intellectual fantasies about what the future might bring if one or another course of action is chosen
What are the false selves?
set of behaviors that is adopted by a person to combat rejection, to please others, or to try out as a possible self
Define identity achievement.
knowing who one is as a unique person, accepting some cultural values and rejecting others
(person has strong convictions, but is open to other thoughts and opinions.)
Define identity diffusion.
a lack of values, traits or commitments
Define foreclosure.
adopting preset roles and values, without questioning. *This leads to prejudice, narrow-mindedness.
Define moratorium.
a pause in identify formation, in which alternatives are explored. *this is a very important step in discovering identity!
Define negative identity.
a rebellious, defiant identity, taken on to anger adults
What is religious identity?
Many question their religion to find their religious identity. For example, “Rammspringer” in the Amish community.
What is gender identity?
This is the degree to which individuals see themselves as either masculine or feminine.
What is ethnic identity?
involves identification with a particular ethnicity through values, diet, gender roles, language, clothing, etc.
Does working during adolescence help or inhibit identity formation?
inhibits.
Is the generation gap wide?
Not when it comes to core beliefs and values.
What is generational stake?
Each generation views from their own perspective. ex: young indian girl wants to cut her hair, however her elders view this in a negative image.
What are some characteristics of parent-child conflict?
It is greatest during the tween years, greatest between mother and daughters. Typically over petty things like clothing choices. Represents desire for independence.
What is parental monitoring? Why is it important?
It is the ongoing awareness of what a teen is doing, where, and with whom.
It is important because it deters delinquency.
What is peer pressure? Is it positive or negative?
social pressure to conform to one’s contemporaries. it can be BOTH positive or negative.
What is peer selection?
Peers select one another, for example drug users hang out with other drug users.
What is peer facilitation?
Peers encourage others to do things they normally wouldn’t do alone.
Research says the most successful sex education programs are what?
They are multi-faceted, implemented at least one year before sex, they advocate for abstinence but teach about contraception.
How does peer influence relate to sex?
Could be positive or negative. Positive example: Virginity Pact, Negative example: Pregnancy Pact
What happens to self-esteem during this period?
From 6-18, self-esteem declines for many children.
What is suicide ideation? Is it common during this period?
Yes, it is. Suicide ideation is simply thinking about suicide.
What is parasuicide?
deliberate act of self-destruction that does not end in death
What five factors affect parasuicide and suicide?
Availability of lethal means, especially guns Parental supervision Alcohol and other drugs Gender Attitudes of the culture
Arrest rates are highest when?
12-16 years of age, followed by a slow decline.
What is an adolescence limited offender?
a person whose crimes end by age 21 years
What is a life course persistent offender?
a person whose crimes continue as an adult
What are some warning signs of mood disorders?
Not eating, sleeping, talking, or moving in normal rhythm
Strong feelings of despair or elation not based on reality
What is internalizing problems?
emotional problems that are manifested inward, when troubled individuals inflict harm on themselves
What is externalizing problems?
emotional problems that are manifested outward, when people “act out,” injuring others, defying authority, or destroying property
What are primary sex characteristics?
the parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles and penis
What are secondary sex characteristics?
Physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a man’s beard and a woman’s breasts
What is generational forgetting?
the idea that each new generation forgets what the previous generation learned about harmful drugs
What is menarche?
A girl’s firs menstrual period, signaling that she has begun ovulation. Pregnancy is biologically possible, but ovulation and menstuation are often irregular for years after menarche.
What is spermarche?
A boy’s first ejaculation of sperm. Erections can occur as early as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production. Spermache occurs during sleep (in a “wet dream”_ or via direct stimulation
