Final

Question 1

What are the two types of thought in adolescence?

Answer 1

Analytic (formal operational) & intuitive (thoughts are from feelings/memories; quick and powerful but may be illogical.

Question 2

What is the proposed fifth stage?

Answer 2

Postformal: results in more balanced thought as it is a combination of analytic & intuitive thinking which develops in early adulthood.

Question 3

What are some characteristics of post formal thought?

Answer 3

Cognitive flexibility; which is the ability to know when to show/hide emotions based on situation. ex: don’t cry in front of your boss.

Question 4

What stage are we in according to Erikson?

Answer 4

identity vs. diffusion: questioning who we are

Question 5

What are the possible selves?

Answer 5

various intellectual fantasies about what the future might bring if one or another course of action is chosen

Question 6

What are the false selves?

Answer 6

set of behaviors that is adopted by a person to combat rejection, to please others, or to try out as a possible self

Question 7

Define identity achievement.

Answer 7

knowing who one is as a unique person, accepting some cultural values and rejecting others
(person has strong convictions, but is open to other thoughts and opinions.)

Question 8

Define identity diffusion.

Answer 8

a lack of values, traits or commitments

Question 9

Define foreclosure.

Answer 9

adopting preset roles and values, without questioning. *This leads to prejudice, narrow-mindedness.

Question 10

Define moratorium.

Answer 10

a pause in identify formation, in which alternatives are explored. *this is a very important step in discovering identity!

Question 11

Define negative identity.

Answer 11

a rebellious, defiant identity, taken on to anger adults

Question 12

What is religious identity?

Answer 12

Many question their religion to find their religious identity. For example, “Rammspringer” in the Amish community.

Question 13

What is gender identity?

Answer 13

This is the degree to which individuals see themselves as either masculine or feminine.

Question 14

What is ethnic identity?

Answer 14

involves identification with a particular ethnicity through values, diet, gender roles, language, clothing, etc.

Question 15

Does working during adolescence help or inhibit identity formation?

Answer 15

inhibits.

Question 16

Is the generation gap wide?

Answer 16

Not when it comes to core beliefs and values.

Question 17

What is generational stake?

Answer 17

Each generation views from their own perspective. ex: young indian girl wants to cut her hair, however her elders view this in a negative image.

Question 18

What are some characteristics of parent-child conflict?

Answer 18

It is greatest during the tween years, greatest between mother and daughters. Typically over petty things like clothing choices. Represents desire for independence.

Question 19

What is parental monitoring? Why is it important?

Answer 19

It is the ongoing awareness of what a teen is doing, where, and with whom.
It is important because it deters delinquency.

Question 20

What is peer pressure? Is it positive or negative?

Answer 20

social pressure to conform to one’s contemporaries. it can be BOTH positive or negative.

Question 21

What is peer selection?

Answer 21

Peers select one another, for example drug users hang out with other drug users.

Question 22

What is peer facilitation?

Answer 22

Peers encourage others to do things they normally wouldn’t do alone.

Question 23

Research says the most successful sex education programs are what?

Answer 23

They are multi-faceted, implemented at least one year before sex, they advocate for abstinence but teach about contraception.

Question 24

How does peer influence relate to sex?

Answer 24

Could be positive or negative. Positive example: Virginity Pact, Negative example: Pregnancy Pact

Question 25

What happens to self-esteem during this period?

Answer 25

From 6-18, self-esteem declines for many children.

Question 26

What is suicide ideation? Is it common during this period?

Answer 26

Yes, it is. Suicide ideation is simply thinking about suicide.

Question 27

What is parasuicide?

Answer 27

deliberate act of self-destruction that does not end in death

Question 28

What five factors affect parasuicide and suicide?

Answer 28

Availability of lethal means, especially guns
Parental supervision
Alcohol and other drugs
Gender
Attitudes of the culture

Question 29

Arrest rates are highest when?

Answer 29

12-16 years of age, followed by a slow decline.

Question 30

What is an adolescence limited offender?

Answer 30

a person whose crimes end by age 21 years

Question 31

What is a life course persistent offender?

Answer 31

a person whose crimes continue as an adult

Question 32

What are some warning signs of mood disorders?

Answer 32

Not eating, sleeping, talking, or moving in normal rhythm

Strong feelings of despair or elation not based on reality

Question 33

What is internalizing problems?

Answer 33

emotional problems that are manifested inward, when troubled individuals inflict harm on themselves

Question 34

What is externalizing problems?

Answer 34

emotional problems that are manifested outward, when people “act out,” injuring others, defying authority, or destroying property

Question 35

What are primary sex characteristics?

Answer 35

the parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles and penis

Question 36

What are secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 36

Physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a man’s beard and a woman’s breasts

Question 37

What is generational forgetting?

Answer 37

the idea that each new generation forgets what the previous generation learned about harmful drugs

Question 38

What is menarche?

Answer 38

A girl’s firs menstrual period, signaling that she has begun ovulation. Pregnancy is biologically possible, but ovulation and menstuation are often irregular for years after menarche.

Question 39

What is spermarche?

Answer 39

A boy’s first ejaculation of sperm. Erections can occur as early as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production. Spermache occurs during sleep (in a “wet dream”_ or via direct stimulation