Final Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cognitive stage of motor learning?

A

inconsistent performance

Rapid improvement stage

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2
Q

what is the associative stage of motor learning?

A

less variability as client refines skills (internal reference of correctness)
less verbal, less cognitive demands

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3
Q

what is the autonomous stage of motor learning>

A

task performance is stable (less cognitive demand on the client)
perform with distractions

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4
Q

what is massed vs. distributed practice>

A

massed = practice time is greater than the amount of rest btwn trials

dist = rest btwn trials equals or > amount of time for trial

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5
Q

what is blocked vs. random practice?

A

blocked = practice 1 task for a block of trials before next task

random = practice # of tasks in random order

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6
Q

when is massed practice used?

A

Used for endurance building

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7
Q

what are risk factors of massed practice?

A

fatigue, injury. BP, oxygen levels

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8
Q

what should be done when OT learns a task?

A

identify component parts and the significant steps
consider time restraints
prepare the work area

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9
Q

what should OT consider during performance of task?

A

how the Client will perform the activity
Anticipate errors
amount of repetition

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10
Q

how is motor learning measured?

A

not measured directly (inferred from behavior)

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11
Q

what is learning?

A

permanent change in behavior

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12
Q

what is the difference btwn performance and learning?

A

Performance: temporary change that occurs during practice sessions (tx session)

Learning: permanent change (able to use the motor skill at another tx session)

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13
Q

when is blocked practice used?

A

Clients with cognitive issues
Practice until you get it down then move on
Effective during acquisition phase but not good for retention

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14
Q

when is random practice used?

A

TBI or CVA ADL learning

Not as fast as blocked but better retention

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15
Q

what is contextual interference?

A

interference effects in performance and learning that arise from practicing one task in the context of other tasks

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16
Q

what can be altered for practice conditions?

A

Speed and accuracy
introduce changes in the objects, environment during performance
practice a task/activity in entirety or break it down

17
Q

how should task be divided?

A

natural division of parts that relate to the goal of the task

18
Q

what is a discrete task?

A

definite beginning and end

When you cant practice anything in between

19
Q

what is a serial task?

A

multiple steps with changing motor demands (industrial labor-gross, fine and precision motor requirements)
Help with iADL’s like cooking or cleaning

20
Q

what is a continuous task?

A

ongoing adjustments as one engages; driving a car, walking, running
Things that cant be broken down

21
Q

what type of feedback does client receive?

A

reference of correctness from OT
Sensory information
movement feedback

22
Q

what is Intrinsic feedback?

A

(spared) which may include somatosensory, proprioceptive, visual, auditory, etc; integration of systems

23
Q

what is Extrinsic feedback?

A

info that augments intrinsic feedback; therapist generally provides this during intervention

24
Q

what are types of extrinsic feedback?

A

concurrent: often results in reliance
terminal: often given at end

25
Q

when is concurrent feedback used?

A

Better early on (acquisition) to assist individual in developing sense of correct movements

Must differentiate btwn encouragement and honest feedback

26
Q

when is terminal feedback bad?

A

Can be detrimental at later stages bc they are over relying on the OT for feedback

27
Q

what is a knowledge of results during extrinsic feedback?

A

terminal feedback about the outcome of the movement in relation to the goal

28
Q

what is a knowledge of performance during extrinsic feedback?

A

feedback related to the specific movement patterns used to achieve the goal

29
Q

what are the implications of a knowledge of results?

A

Very motivating, increases level of attention
Most effective early on in intervention
Might interfere with intrinsic sensory info

30
Q

what are the implications for a knowledge of performance?

A

Related to Feedback to movement patterns
Ex: you need to lean forward more or raise your feet
Client Use visual feedback to supplement

31
Q

when is mental practice used?

A

Used to supplement one-on-one intervention
Neural circuits are activated in motor cortex
Good for clients who are restricted from performing

32
Q

what are the stages of motor learning?

A

cognitive
fixation
autonomous

33
Q

what are the phases of relearning?

A

Acquisition phase = during initial instruction on and practice of a skill or task
Retention phase = persistence of performance
Transfer phase = transfer of learning

34
Q

what is motor development?

A

process during which a person acquires skills and movement patterns; a
continuous process of modification

35
Q

what are the warning signs that indicate delays in motor development?

A

Lack of steady head control @4mo while sitting
Inability to sit @9mo
Inability to walk @18mo