Final

Question 1

PROMPT

Answer 1

• focuses on motor aspects by targeting positions of articulators through TKP prompts
• motor speech hierarchy follows the 7 stages of development through a bottom-up approach
• effective for many populations (ASD, CAS, severe artic impairment)
• ARTIC

Question 2

Cycles

Answer 2

• work on sounds for a limited amount of time then move onto others and rotate the targets as needed
• targets chosen based on stimulability
• no predetermined level of mastery
• targeted sounds and patterns are used to stimulate emergence, not mastery
• PHONOLOGICAL

Question 3

Biofeedback

Answer 3

• visual (EPG, ultrasound)
• auditory
• tactile (speech buddies)
• supply individual with information that is not normally available at a conscious level
• helps bring about change of a physiological process and increased awareness of the error pattern
• popular for arctic disorders, voice, swallowing, breathing, hearing impairments, CP, DS, CAS, accent modification, ASD
• ARTIC

Question 4

Metaphon

Answer 4

• based on metalinguistic awareness (ability to think and reflect on the nature of language and how it functions)
• metaphonology (ability to reflect on phonological structures)
• PHONOLOGICAL (mod-severe, 2-3 processes)

Question 5

Non-Linear

Answer 5

• uses hierarchically structured diagrams to represent the relationship between sound features based on linguistic dimensions such as stress and intonation.
• is prosodic, relies on rhythm, intonation, and stress
• grew out of generative phonology
• PHONOLOGICAL

Question 6

Van-Riper

Answer 6

• motor based approach
• client is instructed on how to place articulators in correct position
• ARTIC

Question 7

Core Vocab

Answer 7

• small set of basic words that are used most frequently
• used for children with inconsistent speech disorder
• aim of therapy is consistent rather than accurate word production
• ARTIC

Question 8

Information obtained from stimulability testing

Answer 8

-the client’s ability to make a correct or improved production of a sound from an auditory and/or visual model

Question 9

Why are standardized tests important?

Answer 9

• required to receive an IEP
• ensures all sounds have been evaluated in all positions
• differential dx

Question 10

What information does a phonetic inventory give us?

Answer 10

-the sounds the client is able to produce, correctly or incorrectly, in the initial, medial, and final positions

Question 11

PCC

Answer 11

• number of consonants produced correctly/number of consonants in the intended sample x100
• below 50%=severe

Question 12

What is the optimal size of a speech sample?

Answer 12

• according to Grunwell (1987) 200 words is preferable
• 200
• 200
• page 168

Question 13

Information obtained from an oral periph

Answer 13

• evaluates tone of articulators
• phonatory, mandibular, labial-facial, and lingual control
• sequenced movements
• prosody
• function of articulators
• sensory feedbck (2-point discrim)

Question 14

intervocalic sounds

Answer 14

• consonant or consonant clusters occurring between 2 vowels, typically at the juncture of two syllables
• /l/ in willow

Question 15

gloss

Answer 15

• child says something and you say the same thing back (recasting)
• for easier identification later when looking back on recording device
• target was bet but child said bad

Question 16

information used to determine target sound selection

Answer 16

• choose easier sounds (unmarked)
• sounds in phonetic inventory
• developmentally appropriate
• sounds important for the child to master (sound in name)

Question 17

factors marking articulatory complexity of words

Answer 17

• markedness: the more features a sound has the harder it is to produce
• unmarked phonemes are easier to produce
• naturalness

Question 18

the different analysis procedures

Answer 18

• independent analysis

- relational analysis

Question 19

steps to a comprehensive phonological ass

Answer 19

1. case hx
2. oral periph
3. hearing screen
4. sample of connected speech
5. single word sample
6. stimulability testing
7. contextual assessment
8. language, fluency, and voice

Question 20

treatment utilizing minimal pairs

Answer 20

• therapeutic use of pairs of words that differ by only one phoneme.
• used to establish contrasts that are not present in the childs phonological systems

Question 21

processes eliminated by 3

Answer 21

• unstressed syllable deletion
• FCD
• diminuitization (adding ie)
• reduplication
• fronting
• harmony/assimilation
• prevocalic voicing

Question 22

processes eliminated after 3

Answer 22

• cluster reduction
• gliding
• d-rot
• final consonant devoicing (bad > bab)
• epenthesis
• vowelization/vocalization
• depalatalization