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Reformation History > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

3 “tests” Calvin used to determine the “elect”

A

by spirit
by faith
by the life

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2
Q

Who’s daughter married Frederick 1

A

Albert of Brandenberg

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3
Q

Who was the former Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights

A

Albert of Brandenberg

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4
Q

Who was a rake whom Catholic historians regarded as an unspeakable disgrace

A

Alexander VI

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5
Q

Historically speaking who’s amours reveal that the failure of the Gregorian reform to establish clerical celibacy extended to the very citadel of the Church

A

Alexander VI

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6
Q

Who was the father of the Anabaptists

A

Conrad Grebel

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7
Q

What is a Latin expression which means to the soruces

A

ad fontes

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8
Q

Who was the one who spurred Luther to write the 95 Theses

A

Albert of Brandenberg

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9
Q

The church is held to be derived from the apostles by a continuous succession is called what

A

Apostolic succession

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10
Q

What is a primary confession of faith of the Lutheran church

A

Augsburg Confession

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11
Q

What is an important document of the Lutheran Church

A

Augsburg Confession

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12
Q

Melanchthon wrote what

A

Augsburg confession

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13
Q

Who was the ruler of the holy roman empire and the emperor of spain

A

Charles V

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14
Q

Who called Diet of Worms on Luther

A

Charles V

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15
Q

Who won the Council of Trent for the Catholics which started the Reformation

A

Charles V

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16
Q

Who was the first to baptize the first adult in Zurich

A

Conrad Grebel

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17
Q

Sola Fide

A

By faith alone

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18
Q

Sola Scriptura

A

by Scripture alone

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19
Q

Solus Christus

A

through Christ alone

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20
Q

Sola Gratia

A

by grace alone

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21
Q

Soli Deo Gloria

A

glory to God alone

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22
Q

Who controlled the seas at the time

A

Spanish Armada

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23
Q

Who was Renaissance Humanist &

Rejected Luther’s emphasis on Faith alone

A

Desiderius Erasmus

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24
Q

Who wanted to reform the church

A

Desiderius Erasmus

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25
Q

What were the meetings of the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire in the German city of Augsburg.

A

Diet of Augsburg

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26
Q

What was turned into a church council

A

Diet of Worms

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27
Q

Luther was tried by a lay court and actually put under the ban of the Empire before being subjected to the excommunication of the Church…what was this called

A

Diet of Worms

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28
Q

Why was the Diet of Augsburg called

A

Because Philip of Hesse sought to unite the Lutherans and Swiss in hope of extending a military alliance

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29
Q

What guaranteed that no man should be molested because of his faith

A

Editc of Nantes

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30
Q

Where was Luther born

A

Eisleben

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31
Q

Who harbored the so-called Sea Beggars, essentially pirates flying the flag of William

A

Elizabeth 1

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32
Q

What was marked by moderation and studied ambiguity

A

Elizabethan Settlement

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33
Q

Who called themselves the supreme governor of the Church of England

A

Elizabeth 1

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34
Q

Who was caught in a violent thunderstorm and smitten by lightening to the ground and in that sudden confrontation with death said I will become a monk

A

Martin Luther

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35
Q

Who was an Augustinian Monk

A

Martin Luther

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36
Q

Where did Martin Luther study law and arts

A

University of Erfurt

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37
Q

Who had been granted the privilege of an annual proclamation of indulgences on the eve of All Saint’s Day

A

Frederick the Wise

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38
Q

Who was concerned that a German subject should not be taken for trial outside of Germany and should receive an impartial hearing

A

Fredrick the wise

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39
Q

Who defended Martin Luther at the Diet of Worms

A

Fredrick the Wise

40
Q

Where did Frederick the Wise conceal and hide Luther

A

Wartburg

41
Q

Who prohibited the Catholic practice of christening children with the names of Catholic saints or with such names as Cross, Jesus, Pentecost, Sunday & Holy Sepulchre

A

Genevan council

42
Q

Geneva was restive under who

A

Holy Commonwealth

43
Q

Who did Duke of Anjou make the hair to the throne

A

Henry of Navarre

44
Q

Who was left in the direct line of succession to the throne but the Catholics would not suffer him to enter into his inheritance because of his religion

A

Henry of Navarre

45
Q

Under who was Spain dominant and restive
France was planted on Gallicanism
Germany rent by the Reformation

A

Henry VIII

46
Q

Who had a problem with succession

A

Henry VIII

47
Q

Who exercised an arbitrariness of control the like of which was known neither under his predecessors nor his successors

A

Henry VIII

48
Q

Who desecrated of the sacraments and the demolition of churches and images

A

Huguenots

49
Q

What was sold to try to gain favor with God

A

Indulgences

50
Q

What was for centuries to serve a large section of the Protestant world as the Sentences of Peter Lombard had served the Catholic

A

Institutes of the Christian Religion

51
Q

What set forth a view of God, man and the church which goes far to explain why Calvinism should have been the most active variety of Protestantism

A

Institutes of Christian Religion

52
Q

What treats first the sovereignty of god ahead of the section on justification by faith

A

Institutes of Christian Religion

53
Q

Who was Luther’s great theological opponent

A

John Eck

54
Q

Who went to Bologna at the expense of the Fuggers in order to defend the contract of fixed return against the contract of mutual risk

A

John Eck

55
Q

French Reformer in Geneva

A

John Calvin

56
Q

Who wrote the Institutes of Christian Religion

A

John Calvin

57
Q

Who was a Bohemian sectary

A

John Hus

58
Q

Reformation association in Scotland

A

John Knox

59
Q

Who gave shape to the revolutionary temper

A

John Knox

60
Q

Who was a Medici, indolent, elegant, skilled in impromptu Latin orations, a spendthrift who squandered more on pageants and gambling than on the needs of the church or the patronage of the arts

A

Leo X

61
Q

Who lifted the ban on usury and John Eck

A

Leo X

62
Q

What was Luther’s greatest innovation in liturgy and worship service

A

congregational singing

63
Q

What are Luther’s three objections to indulgences

A
  1. German national resentment against papal exploitation
  2. Questioned the jurisdiction of the pope over purgatory
  3. Induced wrong state of mind
64
Q

Who threatened to make Scotland a French dependency and genuine evangelical preaching conducted by reformers who proclaimed the gospel without regard to worldly fortunes

A

Mary Stuart

Mary, Queen of Scots

65
Q

Who tried to undo the religious revolution inaugurated by her father and consummated by her brother, but was unable to do so

A 
Mary Tudor 
(Bloody Mary)
66
Q

Who endeavored to restore to the church the confiscated wealth but most of it was irrecoverably in private hands

A 
Mary Tudor
(Bloody Mary)
67
Q

Who was the founder of the Mennonites

A

Menno Simons

68
Q

Who declared that true Christians must “crucify the flesh and its desires and lusts, prune the heart, mouth and the whole body with the knife of the divine word of all unclean thoughts, unbecoming words and actions”

A

Menno Simons

69
Q

Territorialism was the only possible solution remaining was the principle of what

A

Peace of Augsburg in 1555

70
Q

What came to be so that the religion of a given territory might be determined by the ruler

A

Peach of Augsburg in 1555

71
Q

Who was a young humanist professor of Greek at Wittenberg

A

Philip Melanchthon

72
Q

Who impressed upon Luther that a union with the left would close the door to the right and preclude any hope of reconciliation with the Catholics

A

Philip Melanchthon

73
Q

Who instigated the Massacre of St. Bartholomew

A

Charles IX

74
Q

What are the Sacraments

A

Baptism
Marriage
Penance
Extreme Unction

75
Q

What did Luther do at the Wartburg

A

He wrote the Greek New Testament

76
Q

Luther nailed 95 propositions for debate on the Castle Church door in Wittenberg

A

95 Theses

77
Q

Where did Luther go to hide

A

Wartburg

78
Q

What contributed materially to the outbreak of the Thirty Year’s War

A

Restriction of toleration to Lutherans only among the Protestants

79
Q

When the bread and the wine are changed into the body and blood of God during communion

A

Transubstantiation

80
Q

Who commenced his reformatory preaching at Zurich in 1519

A

Zwingli

81
Q

Who declared himself to be so much of the same mind that all he could learn from Luther was the courage to come out and say what he already believed

A

Zwingli

82
Q

By training and conviction was much more of a humanist and a disciple of Erasmus

A

Zwingli

83
Q

Who turned to the reform rather than by any agonizing struggle of the spirit of the sort through which Luther had passed

A

Zwingli

84
Q

Who was the leader of the great Rebellion

A

William of Orange

85
Q

Who justified his own assumption of revolutionary leadership on the ground that he was a prince of the blood, Burggraaf of Antwerp, member of the estates of Brabant, Stadhouder of Holland and Zeeland, and Knight of the Golden Fleece

A

William of Orange

86
Q

The efforts of William of Orange proved abortive under the impact of what and calvinist iconoclasm and the approximation momentarily achieved in Poland was due less to the doctrine of the inviolability of conscience, the integrity of personality or the rights of man than to the anarchistic tendencies of feudalism which impeded any systematic interference

A

Spanish Fury

87
Q

Who translated the Bible into English

A

William Tyndale

88
Q

Who led Sweden to military supremacy during the Thirty Years War, helping to determine the political as well as the religious balance of power in Europe.

A

Gustavus Adolphus

89
Q

He denounced clerical corruption, despotic rule and the exploitation of the poor

A

Jerome Savonarola

90
Q

Who was reputedly known for granting indulgences in exchange for money, which allow a remission of temporal punishment due to sin, the guilt of which has been forgiven, a position heavily challenged by Martin Luther

A

Johann Tetzel

91
Q

Who was a German humanist and a scholar of Greek and Hebrew. For much of his life, he was the real centre of all Greek and Hebrew teaching in Germany

A

Johann Reuchlin

92
Q

Who was Martin Luther’s wife

A

Katharina von Bora

93
Q

Who was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years’ War (1568–1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing the independence of the Dutch Republic.

A

Peace of Westphalia

94
Q

What was the basis of Roman Catholic doctrine on papal primacy, resting partly on Christ’s bestowing the “keys of the Kingdom” on Peter (the first pope, according to Roman Catholic tradition) and partly on Christ’s words: “And I tell you, you are Peter [Greek: Petros], and on this rock [Greek: petra] I will build my church” (Matthew 16:18).

A

Petrine Theory

95
Q

Who’s empire included territories on every continent then known to Europeans, including his namesake Philippine Islands. During his reign, Spain reached the height of its influence and power. The expression “The empire on which the sun never sets” was coined during Philip’s time to reflect the extent of his possessions.

A

Philip II

96
Q

What holds that during the sacrament, the fundamental “substance” of the body and blood of Christ are present alongside the substance of the bread and wine, which remain presen

A

Consubstantiation

97
Q

What is a name for a Christian movement which started in Lyon and spread soon to the Cottian Alps in the late 1170s.

A

Waldensians

Reformation History (1 decks)

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