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Supply Chain > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

0
Q

Define: muda

A

Waste of materials, space, time, labor, inventories, and processing.

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1
Q

What is lean production?

A

Refers to the Toyota Production System in its entirety. The term lean production originated during a benchmark study at MIT because of Japan’s ability to use half of the time, labor, and space to produce the same output as it’s counterparts.

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2
Q

Define: kanban

A

A signal used to signal when certain parts were needed. (A part of JIT)

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3
Q

Efficient Consumer Response (ECR)

A

A process where point of purchase transactions are forwarded to manufacturers (developed by the grocery industry).

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4
Q

Define: poka-yoke

A

Any type of error and mistake proofing. “Poka-yoke mechanisms can be electrical, visual, mechanical, procedural, or any other method that prevents problems, errors, or defects, and they can be implemented anywhere in the organization”

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5
Q

What are keiretsu relationships?

A

Cooperative coalitions between Japanese manufacturers and their suppliers. (Most often a result of financial support given to suppliers from the manufacturers).

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6
Q

What is channel integration.

A

Extending strategic alliances to suppliers’ suppliers and to customers’ customers.

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7
Q

What is an information silo or silo effect?

A

An information silo is a management system incapable of. Reciprocal operation with other relate information systems.

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8
Q

What are the 7 elements of lean production?

A
  1. Waste reduction
  2. Lean supply chain relationships
  3. Logan layouts
  4. Inventory and setup time reduction
  5. Small batch scheduling
  6. Continuous improvement
  7. Workforce empowerment
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9
Q

What are the seven wastes?

A

Overproducing, waiting, transportation, overprocessing, excess inventory, excess movement, scrap and rework.

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10
Q

What are the Five-Ss to reduce waste?

A 
Sort
Set in order
Sweep (purity)
Standardize (cleanliness)
Self-discipline
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11
Q

What is included in JIT purchasing?

A

It includes delivering smaller quantities, at the right time, to the right location, in the right quantities.

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12
Q

Define: kaizen

A

Continuously searching for all possible improvement opportunities.

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13
Q

What was Deming’s main theory? What was his main contribution?

A

Managers are responsible for creating the systems that. Make organizations work, therefor, they should be responsible for. The organization’s problems.

Contribution: Deming’s Fourteen Points for Management

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14
Q

What was Crosby’s main theory? What was his main contribution?

A

Crosby emphasized commitment to quality improvement by top management, development of a prevention system, employee education, and continuous assessment.

Contribution: Four Absolutes of Quality

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15
Q

What is Juran noted for?

A

Bringing the human element into the practice of quality improvement.

Contribution: Quality Trilogy; Quality Planning, Quality Control, Quality Improvement.

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16
Q

What are the 5 steps in the DMAIC improvement cycle?

A 
Define: Identify where gaps exist between critical-to-quality (CTQ) characteristics and service or product requirements to achieving customer satisfaction.
Measure
Analyze
Improve 
Control
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17
Q

What is acceptance sampling? Producer’s risk? Consumer’s risk?

A

Sampling only a small part of a shipment to see if it meets quality standards.
Producer: buyer rejects shipment because sample did not meet standards (type 1).
Consumer: sample falsely provides a positive answer (type 2).

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18
Q

What are the 4 legal classifications of transportation services?

A

Common carriers: offer transportation to all shippers at published rates (cruise lines, greyhound, southwest air, etc…).
Contract carriers: serve specific customers under contractual agreements not bound to serve the general public.
Exempt carriers: exempt from regulation of services and rates.
Private carriers

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19
Q

What are the regulations that pertain to rail transportation?

A
  • granger laws
  • Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 (realized impact of railroad monopolies)
  • Transportation Act of 1920 (realized control was bad for competition)
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20
Q

What is cross docking?

A

The use of warehouses to accept bulk orders, break them down, repackage, and distribute them.

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21
Q

What is risk pooling?

A

By assuming that higher-than-average demand from consumers will be off set of by lower-than-average demand from other consumers thus reducing the chances if stock outs.

Number if warehouses have an impact on this.

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22
Q

Warehouse strategies (Edgar Hoover).

A

Market positioned strategy
Product positioned strategy
Intermediately positioned strategy

23
Q

What does 3PL and 4PL stand for?

A

Third party logistics provider and a fourth party logistics provider or a firm that all logistics are outsourced to.

24
Q

What is an offshore factory?

A

Imports locally acquired parts and exports finished product. Main goal is to take advantage of low labor costs.

25
Q

What is a source factory?

A

Similar to an offshore plant, but management is more involved in supplier selection and production planning.

26
Q

What is a server factory?

A

Goal is to take advantage of government incentives and avoid tariff barriers. Ex) Coca-Cola’s bottling plants - each serving a small geographic region.

27
Q

What is a contributor factory?

A

Similar to server factory, but is more involved in development and engineering.

28
Q

What is an outpost factory?

A

Has an abundance of advanced suppliers, competitors, research facilities, and knowledge centers.

29
Q

What is a lead factory?

A

A source of product and process innovation.

30
Q

What is the importance of grouping customers?

A

Allows fro specialized communication.

31
Q

What is permission marketing/relationship marketing?

A

Letting the customers select the type and time of communication with organizations.

32
Q

What is cross-selling?

A

Selling customers additional products based on precious purchases. (like Amazon recommendations)

33
Q

What is customer churn?

A

The frequency of customer defections.

34
Q

Define: Customer Defection Analysis

A

an attempt to reduce customer churn

35
Q

How do you determine a customer’s value?

A

Through their possible lifetime value.

36
Q

How is SFA (Sales Force Automation) used?

A

It is used in the sales field in order to communicate and document activities with the home office.

37
Q

What kinds of SFA are there?

A

Sales Activity Management: gives sales reps a unified guided sequence of sales activities.
Sales Territory Management
Lead Management: Provides corporate policies
Knowledge Management: Info of the company

38
Q

What are the 3 main CRM elements?

A

Pretransaction, transaction, and posttransaction

39
Q

What is a pure service?

A

A service offering little to no tangible products to the consumer.

40
Q

What is a state utility?

A

Services that do something to things that are owned by the customer. (Hair cuttery)

41
Q

Define: Baumol’s Disease

A

the tendency for productivity to sag in service-oriented economies.

42
Q

Cost Leadership Strategy (Service Strategy)

A

Putting large efforts into reducing costs and doing things right the first time.

43
Q

Differentiation Strategy (Service Strategy)

A

Creating a service that is unique.

44
Q

Focus Strategy (Service Strategy)

A

Serving a specific niche or target market.

46
Q

Service Delivery Systems

A

Explicit Service: storage and use of money
Supporting Service: bank building w/ drive up tellers
Implicit service: the security of the bank or atmosphere
Facilitating goods: deposit forms, monthly statement

47
Q

What is the long range capacity and materials plan?

A

Resource Requirements Planning/Aggregate Production Planning

48
Q

What is the medium range capacity and materials plan?

A

Rought-cut Capacity Planning/Master production scheduling

49
Q

What is the short range capacity and materials plan?

A

capacity requirements planning/materials requirement planning

50
Q

What are the 8 key SC business processes?

A
  1. CRM
  2. Customer service management
  3. Demand management
  4. Order fulfillment
  5. Manufacturing flow management
  6. Supplier relationship management
  7. Product development
  8. Returns management
51
Q

How are RFID’s used? (active vs. passive)

A

(Radio-Frequency Indentification Tag) - Used to track location of product. Active = has active gps. Passive = records location when scanned.

52
Q

What is silo mentality?

A

Failure to see the big picture and acting in regards to a single department or single firm within the supply chain.

53
Q

What is info visibility?

A

Product safety standards, trade agreements, security mandates, and other product info related to how accessible it is to all members of the supply chain.

54
Q

The SCM integration model.

A
  1. Identify critical SCM trading partners
  2. Review and establish strategies
  3. Align strategies with SC processes
  4. Develop internal performance measures
  5. Assess and Improve
  6. Develop SC performance measures for key processes
  7. Assess and improve external processes
  8. Extend process to 2nd tier
  9. Reevaluate annually.
55
Q

What are the 5 categories of SCOR?

A

plan, source, make, deliver, return

56
Q

What are/describe the four basic types of inventory.

A

Raw materials: unprocessed, purchased inventory
Work-in: partially processed inventory
Finished goods: completed inventory
MRO supplies: parts used in manu process but not a part of the final product.

Supply Chain (1 decks)

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