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HDFS 428 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the benefits of breast milk?

A
  • The act of breastfeeding makes the upper eye stronger - switching sides
  • The act of breast feeding makes the baby used their whole jaw to suck - makes the roof of mouth flatter
  • Drains the baby’s Eustacian tube & prevents middle ear infection
  • Boosts the immune system (mother’s antibodies are in breast milk)
  • Breast milk is high in cholesterol (is needed for the brain to grow
  • Less likely to have mental health problems
  • Less likely to be obese - don’t make a baby finish their bottle even if they stopped because theyre full
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2
Q

What is colostrum?

A

the first milk - concentrated
full of antibodies for right after delivery
acts as a laxative for babies right after delivery as well
-Very thick and syrupy, orangish, high in protein, low in sugar and fat
-If you dont plan to breast feed you should at least give them the colostrum

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3
Q

How long is colostrum present?

A

It is present for 1-3 days after birth

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4
Q

What is foremilk?

A

The first milk that comes in - it is very watery
Has much less fat and doesn’t satiate
Why a newborn has to feed much more often in the beginning
It becomes a normal consistncy after

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5
Q

What factor determines the consistency of the breast milk?

A

How often the baby nurses
The less time between feedings, the lower amount of fat

  • The composition of human milk changes over time - based on how old the baby is and feeding times
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6
Q

Continuous/on demand feeding

A

every 30-45 minutes
how often newborns should be feeding

preferred method

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7
Q

Interval feeding

A

every 2 hours

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8
Q

How does breastfeeding benefit the mother?

A

Ovarian cancer and breast cancer is reduced - ovaries aren’t supposed to be constantly cycling

Let down reflexes causes hormones to be released - oxytocin, prolactin (love hormones- decreased risk for postpartum depression) happens during pumping and breast feeding

Uterus contracts during breast feeding - helps uterus to go back down to normal size

Burns extra calories

Stops uterine bleeding

Decreased risk for osteoporosis and heart disease

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9
Q

WHO recommendations for breast feeding

A

Exclusive breast feeding for first 6 months - no solids
Introduce solids at 6 months - but still should be the primary source of nutrition

The primary source of nutrition should be breast milk until 12 months

The child should continue breast feeding until 2 years and beyond if the mother and child is still into it

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10
Q

Variables that effect the duration of breast feeding

A

Demographic variables - Asian americans breast feed for the longest

Age - the older you are the more likely you are to breastfeed

Married women breast feed longer

Women in higher SES

Mother that have to go back to work dont breastfeed a long
Support from significant others
Professional support

Psychological barriers - most important
-prenatal maternal intention
Maternal confidence
How interested the mother is in breastfeeding once the baby is born

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11
Q

What is the number one complaint to pediatricians during the first year?

A

Sleep

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12
Q

How many parents ask for advice on sleep?

A

50%

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13
Q

How many children are being labeled as having a sleep disorder between birth and age 3

A

30%

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14
Q

How long do newborns sleep for

A

18-20 hours

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15
Q

How many hours are 1 year olds sleeping for?

A

14 hours

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16
Q

How many hours of sleep do 3 year old need>

A

12 hours

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17
Q

Night wakings at 3 months

A

every 3 hours

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18
Q

Night wakings at 6 months

A

about ever 6 hours (have been sleep trained

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19
Q

What is a sleep disorder?

A

5 night wakings a week for 3 months
-being awake for more than 20 mins and getting into parents bed

only recognized as a sleep disorder if the parent sees it as a problem

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20
Q

What is insomnia disorder

A

difficulty maintaining sleep
Early morning wakes that requires caregiver intervention
3 nights per week
Causes clinical levels of distress for the individual or the parents and any of the domains of functioning (academic etc.)

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21
Q

What portion of the world co-sleeps?

A

2/3

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22
Q

What are the benefits of co-sleeping

A

lighter sleep - mom and baby
shorter night wakings
mothers dont recall wakings

23
Q

Proactive cosleeping

A

something that you choose to so because you believe in it as a parenting choice

24
Q

Reactive cosleeping

A

when it is not the parenting technique of choice and they are only doing it because no one is going to get any sleep otherwise

25
Q

What are the benefits of cosleeping for the child?

A

increased cognitive competence

greater self esteem

26
Q

Social learning theory of siblings

A

older siblings act as role models

-more likely to model each other when:
they are close in age
they are the same sex

27
Q

De-identification theory of siblings

A

niche picking

sibling differentiate from one another to reduce conflict and direct competition

40% do it on purpose

28
Q

How is the role structure of siblings shaped?

A

Shaped by age spacing

  • closer age spacing - reciprocal relationship like peers
  • farther age spacing - caretake roles
29
Q

sister-sister pairs

A

the closest

30
Q

brother-brother pairs

A

close but more conflict

31
Q

mixed sex pairs

A

not as close but less conflict

32
Q

Features of sibling relationships

A

high warmth, high conflict

33
Q

Parental differential treatment

A

children within the same family are treated differently by their parents
-occurs in the majority of families

34
Q

Positive sibling influences

A

strong sibling support-

less depression an loneliness
fewer behavior problems

35
Q

Negative sibling influences

A

spread of behavior patterns - contagion
deviancy training
Partners in crime

36
Q

Non-biological siblings

A

tend to have less intense relationships

37
Q

effects of lack of play during infancy

A

no emotional or physical stimulation
higher risk for behavioral, emotional, and social problems as they grow up
Higher levels of cortisol - stress hormone

38
Q

What are the types of play

A 
bonding 
parallel
symbolic
social dramatic
open ended 
playful learning
chaotic
39
Q

Pedagocical approach of play

A

play is the leading activity in developing conceptual learning, self regulation and social emotional development during early childhood

40
Q

Behaviors for preschool and kindergarten

A

sharing
helping
cooperation

41
Q

Play and socialization are ways for children to

A 
express individual tastes and interests
become a unique personality
connect with others
achieve a sense of social self
become a member of a community
learn how to give and read social cues
solve social conflicts
negotiate or plan for what is next
relieve stress
42
Q

Playful learning

A

requires modeling behaviors and enrichment from teachers
-environment set up for play
materials provided within the environment
symbolic thought as a result of playful, hands on activities and lessons
mediation develops language and self regulation for join play with peers

43
Q

Benefits of playful learning

A

Helps create the highest potential for learning for children
expands childrens language and vocabulary
Develops self regulation with peers

44
Q

When can infants percieve difference in melody

A

6 months

45
Q

consonant intervals

A

notes that sound good together

infants prefer this over dissonant intervals

46
Q

Why do adults sing to infants?

A

it reduces the psychological and physical distance between singer and infant
infants pay more attention to you - we notice this
Infants respond in a way that we like

47
Q

Characteristics of music

A 
universal
orderly dvelopmental schedule
requires a high ability - that all humans have
specialized memory
evokes strong emotion
48
Q

Benefits of touch

A

Touch sends a message to the pituitary gland to release the growth hormone
-not touching the baby blocks the hormone

49
Q

Stimulation of vagus nerve during touch

A

releases glucose - energy for babies cells to grow

-also stimulates the lymphatic system

50
Q

How much does the average western infant get touched per day?

A

25% of the day
by 9 months - down to 16%
Youngest infants in high quality daycare centers - 14% of the day

Actual holding time 2.5 hours per day

51
Q

Developmental niche

A

a framework for understaning how culture shapes development

  1. physical and social setting
  2. historical context of child-rearing
  3. psychological caretakers
52
Q

contemporary redundancy

A

reinforced in several settings in the same period of development

53
Q

Thematic elaboration

A

repititon of symbols, language, discourse

54
Q

Chaining

A

no single element of an environment produces an outcome, linking together outcomes of many different situations

HDFS 428 (2 decks)

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