final Flashcards
1
Q
What is a group of disorders characterized
by impaired ability to execute motor
movement?
A
dysarthria
2
Q
What are the subsystems in dysarthria?
A
Respiratory
Phonatory
Resonance
Articulatory
3
Q
What is the goal of treatment for dysarthria?
A
Improve intelligibility and, if possible, speech motor control
4
Q
pitch=
loudness=
quality=
A
frequency
amplitude
complexity
5
Q
what is dysphonia?
A
Any condition of poor or unpleasant voice quality
6
Q
what are 2 non organic factors for voice problems?
A
- aphonia
2. stress, anxiety, emotional problems
7
Q
what are 4 organic factors for voice disorders?
A
laryngitis
tumors
paralysis
8
Q
what is aphonia?
A
vocal fold webbing inability to produce a voice
9
Q
what can you do when someone’s voice is weak (vocal hypofunction)?
A
- pushing/pulling-glottal closure
2. increasing loudness-respiratory patterns
10
Q
what can you do when someone’s voice is too harsh? (hyperfunction)
A
- relaxation
- reducing loudness
- soft glottal attacks
- pitch adjustments
- inhalation phonation
11
Q
reducing loudness would be used for what voice disorder?
A
hyperfunction
12
Q
easy onset is a technique used for what voice disorder?
A
hyperfunction
13
Q
yawn/sigh is a technique used for what voice disorder?
A
hyperfunction
14
Q
pushing/pulling techniques are used for what voice disorder?
A
hypofunction
15
Q
what could you do for someone with dysarthria: respiration phonation resonance articulation
A
- establish consistent controlled exhalation
- efficient vocal fold closure
- decrease hypernasality generation of intraoral pressure
- improve speech sound
16
Q
what is the primary goal for apraxia?
A
increase voluntary control over artic movements
17
Q
what language disorder is a result of brain damage?
A
aphasia
18
Q
how would you know if someone is having a stroke?
A
F-acial drooping
A-rm weakness
S-peech difficulties
T-ime is of the essense
19
Q
what are perservations in speech?
A
using the same phoneme at the beginning of a sentence and at the end
“gave the goy”
20
Q
what are 2 types of treatments for aphasia?
A
- stimulation-facilitation
2. functional-compensatory
21
Q
which treatment type?
strengthen language processing pathways through direct stimulation.
A
restorative-linguistic
22
Q
which treatment type?
language function has been lost-focus on establishing communication.
A
substitutive/compensatory
23
Q
Abnormally high frequency and/or duration
Of stoppages in the forward flow of speech
A
stuttering
24
Q
Give examples of escape behaviors
A
head nods, eyeblinks
25
What are examples of avoidance behavior
substitutions, tension
26
What are the core behaviors of stuttering?
Repetitions, prolongations
blocks
dysfluencies
Blocks, prolongations, dysfluencies, repetitions
27
what are two treatment approaches for adults that stutter?
1. fluency shaping
| 2. stuttering modification
28
what are 3 techniques used with fluency shaping?
1. easy onset
2. slow rate
3. delayed auditory feedback
29
what are 3 techniques used with stuttering modification?
1. pull out
2. cancellations
3. preparatory sets
30
artic/phon/
| errors due to dysarthria resulting from stroke
artic
31
artic/phon
| describe errors as substitution, omissions, and distorttions
artic
32
artic/phon
| intervention focus on helping child learn motor skill
artic
33
artic/phone
| child may have delays in other areas like morphology or syntax
phonology
34
whats the difference between phonological disorders and articulation disorders?
phonological=difficulty in acquiring a phonological system
| articulation=difficulty producing sounds correctly
35
what is the best therapy technique for articulation disorders?
drills
36
what is the therapy technique for phonological disorders?
teach contrast (feature) needed
37
what are the 3 components for a behavioral objective?
do
condition
criteria
38
use of basic training techniques to facilitate learning
key teaching strategies
39
the systematic use of specific stimulus-response-consequence procedure
behavior modification
40
nature of input used to elicit target response
stimulus
41
amount of clinician support provided
task mode
42
degree of difficulty of target responses
response level
43
clients ability to transfer newly mastered communicative behavior beyond the clinical setting
generalization/carry-over
44
rules governing the meaning or content of words or grammatical units
semantics
45
language use/communicative context
pragamatics
46
aspects of language concerned with rules governing change in meaning at the the intraword level
morphology
47
rules governing the structure, distribution and sequencing of speech-sound patterns.
phonology
48
what are the four steps of the Milieu teaching technique?
model
mand-model
time-delay
incidental teaching
49
child looks, and reaches up to dad to be picked up
illocutionary
50
baby cries, mom picks up and says "oh you're hungry"
perlocutionary
51
what are the 3 components of operant behavior conditioning?
Stimulus (Antecedent event)
Response (Behavior)
Consequence
52
unpleasant even removed when desire behavior is performed
negative reinforcement
53
presented contingent on the performance of an undesired behavior.
punishment/corrective feedback
54
what does ABA stand for?
applied behavioral analysis
55
The differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a specified target behavior
shaping
56
clinician demonstrates a specific behavior frequently to expose a client to numerous well-formed examples of the target behavior
indirect modeling
57
Stimulus or consequence manipulations are reduced in gradual steps while maintaining the target response
fading
58
Clinician reformulates a client’s utterance into a more mature or complete version
expansion
59
Intentional production of erred response in order to highlight the contrast between the error and the desired response
negative practice
60
Clinician provides information regarding the accuracy or inaccuracy of a client’s response relative to the specific target behavior
target specific feedback
61
Consist of a set of stimuli that are equivalent to but different than those used for treatment
probes
62
what type of report contains background information, case history, assessments, recommendations?
diagnostic
63
t/f all individuals speak with an accent and /or dialect.
t
64
t/f intervention should support the client's first language
t
65
speaker can easily alternate between two languages
code switching
66
speaker develops combination of two languages
interlanguage
67
clinician continuously assesses the patient’s progress toward goals and modifies as necessary
dynamic process
68
enable the individual to know when and how to use their skills in new and varied learning contexts.
strategies
69
selection, sequencing and generalization of therapy targets.
programming
70
Use of basic training techniques to facilitate learning.
key teaching strategies
71
type of clinician support/scaffolding to obtain desired response (condition) teaching strategies
task mode
72
programming includes what 3 steps?
stimulus type
task mode
response level
73
Technique used by clinician when client does not perform as predicted.
branching
74
what are 3 components of short term goals?
do (action) statement
condition
criterion
75
Pro-active approach that uses interpersonal and environmental strategies to minimize opportunities of problematic behavior and encourages socially useful behaviors.
positive reinforcement
76
target behavior is broken down into small components and taught in an ascending sequence of difficulty.
shaping
77
enhances awareness of erred patterns
negative practice
78
what strengthens the response and reinforces generalization?
homework
79
what are the 4 treatment approches for artic and phonology?
```
traditional
motor kinesthetic
distinctive features
paired opposition
phonological processes
```
80
what are some organic reasons for artic disorders?
hearing impairment
cleft palate
tongue thrust
apraxia
81
what are 2 tests used to sample spontaneous speech?
SIT
| WIT
82
The client can produce the treatment target in either several phonetic environments or one key phonetic environment
emerging sound
83
word that the client has the correct production
key word
84
what treatment approach focuses on phonetic placement of articulators for the sound?
traditional
85
what treatment approach focuses on correct movement patterns and manipulating articulators?
motor-kinesthetic
86
Phonological approach based on how speech sounds are defined in terms of artic patterns and acoustic properties.
distinctive features
87
treatment that uses minimal and maximal pairs
paired oppositions
88
Comparison of aspect of speech to something
metaphors
89
movements made by client/clinician to draw client's attention to production of characteristics of sounds
touch cues
90
unstressed syllable deletion
| spaghetti
geti
91
consonant harmony/assimilation
| duck
kuk
92
metathesis
| animal
aminal
93
epenthesis
| black
bulak
94
backing
| sun
kun
95
depalatalization
| jump
jump
96
prevocalic voicing
| cow
gow
97
by 3 YOA what 3 phonological processes are typically dropped?
final consonant deletion
assimilation
syllable deletion
98
artic/phono
| phonetic errors?
artic
99
artic/phono
| phonemic errors?
phono
100
disturbances represent an impairment of representation or organization of phonemes within the language system
phonological disorders
101
artic/phono
| problems in speech sound production
artic
102
what is the long term goal for prelinguistic stage?
increase frequency, forms, functions
103
what are some intervention strategies for prelinguistic stage?
use natural routines
support families
practice
104
what are 2 secondary behaviors to stuttering?
escape
| avoidance
105
what are some techniques used for fluency shaping for stuttering?
1.easy onsets
2.decrease speaking rate
3.delayed auditory feedback
4.light articulation
contacts
5.continuous phonation
106
what are techniques used for modifying stuttering behaviors?
explore stuttering
reduce physical tension
easy stuttering (voluntarily stuttering)
107
what is cluttering?
fluency disorder characterized by:
rapid/irregular rate
excessive disfluencies
lang/phono, attention deficits
108
does someone that clutters struggle when speaking?
no
109
do clutterer's have secondarly behaviors?
very few or none
110
clutters have a difficult time doing what?
expressing ideas clearly
111
what makes cluttering a fluency disorder?
rate
112
how is the handwriting of a clutterer?
messy
113
language disorder as a result of brain damage?
aphasia
114
what are accompanying motor impairments with aphasia?
hemiplegia
| hemianopsia
115
inappropriate continuation of same response is called?
preservation
116
what type of therapy Uses intensive and repeated therapy activities to improve linguistic skills that have been affected (syntax, word finding, phonology etc)
for aphasia?
restorative/linguistic
117
what type of therapy Language function has been lost in an individual with aphasia; need to establish functional communication
substitutive/compensatory
118
Constraint-Induced Language Therapy for aphasia involves...
shaping by successive approximation
| part of the restorative/linguistic approach
119
Intensive auditory stimulation to elicit language for aphasia
stimulation-facilitation
120
Variations in pitch, tempo/rhythm and stress to recruit participation of the right hemisphere to improve verbal production in client’s with damage to left hemisphere
melodic intonation therapy
part of restorative/linguistic technique
121
Enhance individual’s functional communication skills through the use of representational gestures rather than speech
* this is an approach for aphasics*
gestural program: visual action therapy
122
what does PACE stand for?
Promoting
Aphasics'
Communicative
Effectiveness
123
what is the goal of PACE?
Goal is to improve a client’s ability to convey intended messages using whatever means of communication available
124
t/f
| Clients with auditory comprehension deficits benefit from substantial repetition and redundancy of verbal input
t
125
t/f
| Clinicians should consistently use a slower speech rate when interacting with clients with aphasia
t
