Final

Question 0

Macronutrients

Answer 0

N P K S Ca Mg

Question 1

Plant nutrients

Answer 1

C HOPKNS CaFe MgMn B CuZn MoCl

Question 2

Soil profile

Answer 2

Set of layers seen in a vertical cross section of a soil.

Question 3

Soil horizons

Answer 3

O A E B C R

Question 4

Soil A

Answer 4

Topsoil layer nearest to the surface dominated by mineral particles and and darkened by OM.

Question 5

Soil E

Answer 5

Weathered and leached. Not accumulated OM. just below A layer.

Question 6

Soil B

Answer 6

Subsoil. Silicate clays iron and aluminum oxides wash down from above.

Question 7

Soil C

Answer 7

Partially weathered or sediment material.

Question 8

Soil R

Answer 8

Bedrock

Question 9

In normal soil it is what % particles and what % pore space.

Answer 9

50-50

Question 10

Ph for acid soil.

Answer 10

0-7.

Question 11

Ph for alkaline soil

Answer 11

7-14

Question 12

Floodplain

Answer 12

Borders a stream and built up from flooding.

Question 13

Eolian

Answer 13

Sediment deposited by wind.

Question 14

Collivial

Answer 14

Soil deposits that fall off hills or mountains.

Question 15

Alluvial

Answer 15

Deposited by water

Question 16

Loess

Answer 16

Deposits from wind that are silt size.

Question 17

Mollic

Answer 17

Soft and dark. High base saturation.

Question 18

Umbric

Answer 18

Shade or dark. Same as Mollic but less base saturation.

Question 19

Ochric

Answer 19

Pale. To light or to low in OM to be Molic or umbric

Question 20

Melanic

Answer 20

Black. High in allophane from ash.

Question 21

Histic

Answer 21

OM overlying a mineral soil. Layer of peat/muck

Question 22

Entisols

Answer 22

Little if any development. Shifting sands in desert.

Question 23

Inceptisols

Answer 23

Few features. Inception of B horizon.

Question 24

Andisols

Answer 24

From volcanos dominated by allophane.

Question 25

Gelisols

Answer 25

Permafrost. Young soils. Freezes for more than 2 years.

Question 26

Histosols

Answer 26

Organic soils without permafrost. Think in OM. Peat/muck.

Question 27

Aridisols

Answer 27

Dry soils low in OM.

Question 28

Vertisols

Answer 28

Dark swelling and cracking. Black mostly in grasslands.

Question 29

Mollisols.

Answer 29

Dark soft soils of grassland.

Question 30

Alfisols

Answer 30

Moderately leached. More strongly weathered. Savants or deciduous forests.

Question 31

Ultisols

Answer 31

Highly leached. Warm tropical climates. Lots of clay

Question 32

Spodosols.

Answer 32

Forest soils. Under coniferous forests.

Question 33

Oxisols

Answer 33

Highly weathered. Hot and rainy along equator. Low fertility.

Question 34

Sand size

Answer 34

2-.05

Question 35

Silt size

Answer 35

.05-.002

Question 36

Clay size.

Answer 36

Smaller than .002

Question 37

Clay has how much more surface area

Answer 37

10,000

Question 38

Texture classes

Answer 38

Sandy soils, clayey soils, loamy soils.

Question 39

Soil structure.

Answer 39

Arrangement of sand silt and clay.

Question 40

Particles come together to form

Answer 40

Peds or aggregates.

Question 41

Single grained

Answer 41

Particles are not aggrigated.

Question 42

Spheroidal

Answer 42

Type A horizon.

Question 43

Plant like

Answer 43

Type E horizon.

Question 44

Block-like.

Answer 44

Type b horizon with angles

Question 45

Prism like

Answer 45

B horizons rounded or flat angle tops.

Question 46

Effects of OM.

Answer 46

Improves soil structure. Increases water capacity Nutrients Supplies carbon and energy.

Question 47

Tilth

Answer 47

Physical condition of the soil.

Question 48

Soil particle density.

Answer 48

Mass per unit volume of soil.

Question 49

Medium textured soil has what bulk density.

Answer 49

1.25

Question 50

Osmotic potential

Answer 50

When salts decrease water potential

Question 51

Matric potential

Answer 51

Attraction between soil solids and soil water decreases water potential.

Question 52

Differences in gravity are what charge

Answer 52

Positive

Question 53

Field capacity

Answer 53

Point after water drains out of larger pores.

Question 54

Hydronic cycle

Answer 54

Evaporation condensation precipitation percolation

Question 55

Water use efficiency

Answer 55

Dry unit produced by unit water transpired.

Question 56

Soil for septic drain

Answer 56

Saturated hydraulic conductivity. Fast enough not to saturate but slow enough to filter. Well aerated with fine pores or OM.

Question 57

Kaolinite

Answer 57

Very lil shrinking and swelling. Low cations

Question 58

Smectites

Answer 58

Large - charge and high shrinking and swelling

Question 59

Vermiculite

Answer 59

Aluminum dominated and less expanding.

Question 60

Lbk soil ph

Answer 60

8-8.5

Question 61

Soil has what charge

Answer 61

Negative

Question 62

Plants grow best at what ph

Answer 62

7-7.5

Question 63

Lbk soils have less of what minerals because of a high ph

Answer 63

Zn and fe

Question 64

Liming

Answer 64

Used to make soil less acidic

Question 65

Handful of soil has

Answer 65

Billions of organisms in every phylum

Question 66

Detritus

Answer 66

Decaying organic matter

Question 67

Livin portion of soil is what weight

Answer 67

1-5%

Question 68

Most important macro animal for soil

Answer 68

Earth worms

Question 69

Ants help increase

Answer 69

Soil aeration

Question 70

Termite guts release

Answer 70

Methane

Question 71

What two groups have greatest influence on soil processing.

Answer 71

Nematods and Protozoa

Question 72

Fungus

Answer 72

Important for breakdown to humus and soil fertility depends on them.

Question 73

Soil organisms benefit

Answer 73

Nitrogen fixation

Question 74

Estimated life span of aquifers

Answer 74

240 Kansas | 140 Texas

Question 75

Percent irrigation in Asia.

Answer 75

37%

Question 76

Percent irrigation in sub Sahara

Answer 76

4%

Question 77

What % water wasted in China

Answer 77

60%