Final Flashcards
1
Q
Psychodynamic
What is the primary dynamic theory in Family Therapy?
A
Object Relations
- The focus on interpersonal relationships bribes the gap between analysis and family therapy.
2
Q
Psychodynamic
Normal Family Development
A
- Healthy family development is dependent on the early development of the members of the family.
- Health of the individual is dependent on that individual’s ego relations.
- Reliable love and caring early relationships
- Mother’s must have secure sense of self, capacity for empathy, and offer a model of ideation.
3
Q
Psychodynamic
Behavior Disorders
A
Poor adjustment is the result of an undifferentiated family ego mass.
- Parents cannot view their children as emotionally separate.
- This lack of emotional differentiation from family results in the utilization of family members in intrapsychic conflict.
4
Q
Psychodynamic
Family Therapy
A
- Intrapsychic restructuring
- Family members are freed from unconscious restrictions
- Family members learn to accept pieces of themselves that they have split off
- Listening, empathy, interpretation, analytic neutrality
5
Q
Psychodynamic
Projective Identification
A
- Attributes of the self are attributed to another person.
- The other individual is complicit in this projective process by behaving in accordance with the projected attitudes and behaviors.
- Not a process of transmission, but an interactive interchange that brings out latent personality traits of both parties.
- This often occurs when parents struggle to view themselves as separate from their children. Family members are use to act out unconscious intrapsychic desires.
6
Q
Psychodynamic
Interpretation
A
- Statements about the meaning of unconscious content.
- Not opinion or advice
- Highlight aspects of client behavior or thought
- The hope is that highlighting unconscious behavior or thought will make it conscious and thus subject to examination and change.
7
Q
Psychodynamic
Introjection
A
- The process of internalizing the behavior, attitudes, and expectations of those around you.
- Introjection is done unconsciously and is motivated out of a desire to defend one’s own psyche, thus it is radically different than normal learning.
8
Q
Psychodynamic
Working Through
A
- Process of repeated elaboration and amplification of interpretations.
- As interpretations often take time to accept, they must be continually reproached in a slow and gentle fashion.
9
Q
Psychodynamic
Resistance
A
- Any behavior that impedes therapeutic process
- EX: avoidance of topics, arriving late, lack of participations, etc…
- Confronting resistance is part of the therapeutic process in psychodynamic therapy
10
Q
Psychodynamic
Transference
A
- Distorted emotional reactions to present relationships based on previous relational experience
11
Q
CBT
A
- The marital dyad is the focus of change as opposed to the system.
12
Q
CBT
Normal Family Development
A
- Healthy families are marked by competent communication skills.
- Communication, problem solving, assertiveness, caring, and mutual reward.
13
Q
CBT
Behavioral Disorders
A
- Learned responses that are based on un-inteded consequences and social reinforcers (e.g. attention)
- Aversive Control: nagging, crying, withdrawing to control
- Poor relationship skills: often influenced by schemas
14
Q
CBT
Goals of Therapy
A
- Define the presenting problem and reduce problematic symptoms.
- Assessment is the hallmark of CBT: clinical interview, observation, objective testing.
- Increase rewarding interactions
- Decrease aversive control
- Teach interpersonal skills
15
Q
CBT
Therapy
A
- Operant conditioning and reinforcement
- Problems addressed are observable and measurable
- ABC — the antecedent or consequence is the area of intervention
16
Q
CBT
Premack Principle
A
- The process of using a high probability behavior to reinforce a low probability behavior.
17
Q
CBT
Extinction
A
- This occurs when a behavior is dependent upon a reinforcer, that reinforcer is removed, which in turn leads to the cessation of the behavior.
18
Q
CBT
Behavioral Parent Training Model
A
- Accepts the view that the child is the problem, not the system
- Based on operant conditioning
- Shaping: successively larger reinforcers that progress in small steps toward a behavioral goal.
- Token Economy: Use of some reward to reinforce a desired behavior.
- Contingency Contracting: Agreement on the part of the parents to make some change following changes made by their children (e.g. changing curfew depending upon grades)
- Contingency Management: Giving or taking away rewards depending upon the child’s behavior
- Time Out
19
Q
CBT
Assessment
A
SORKC
- S: Stimulus
- O: State of the Organism
- R: Response
- KC: Consequences
- Similar to the ABC model of functional behavioral analysis
20
Q
CBT
Operant Conditioning
A
- The process of altering a behavior that is not naturally reinforced through the process of introducing reinforcers.
21
Q
CBT
Behavioral Exchange
A
- Method to increase positive family interaction
- Couples or families are instructed to exchange 1 to 3 needs or desires to one another while the other(s) listen.
- This reinforces the positive behavior of expressing one’s needs positively.
22
Q
SFT
Exception Question
A
- Client is asked to think of a time when the problem wasn’t present.
- Recent examples are most effective.
23
Q
SFT
Miracle Questions
A
- Clients are asks to consider what life would be like if the problem they are currently facing did not exist.
- This causes the client to consider what they would like changed, how it would be different, and what might be hindering them from making the change.
24
Q
SFT
Scaling Question
A
- Clients rank their current problem on a scale from 1-10
- This causes the client to look at their problem from a progress oriented lens.
- Clients can see what they have done, and articulate how they will get to the next step, how long it will take, what it will look like, etc…
25
Q
Narrative
A
- Philosophy of Constructionism
26
Q
Narrative
Pathological Behavior
A
- Pathology is a function of the problem saturated stories and language that we use.
- Our focus on the problem leads us to miss the positive aspects of what is happening in our lives, and miss potential solutions.
27
Q
Narrative
Goal
A
- Expand the person’s way of thinking about themselves, the problem, and their world.
- Consider alternative explanations and solutions.
28
Q
Narrative
Techniques
A
- Externalizing the problem
- Re-Storying or Re-Authoring
- Reinforce the new story
29
Q
Narrative
Unique Outcomes
A
- Similar to the exception question from SFT
- Clients consider sparkling moments (e.g. when they were able to resist the influence of their problem)
- This cultivates the client’s ability to challenge their problem saturated story.
30
Q
Narrative
Re-Storying
A
- Involves having the client create a new narrative that is not consumed with problem saturated language.
31
Q
Narrative
Personifying the problem
A
- By externalizing the problem and giving it human like traits, guilt and blame is removed from the client.
- It also allows the person to view themselves as separate from the problem and to create an identity apart from it.
32
Q
Feminist – Scope
A
- Therapy and the examination of the problem is extended beyond the scope of the family to include culture and society.
33
Q
Feminist – Goal of Therapy
A
- The therapist works with clients to help them understand themselves and their problems through the lens of society and culture.
- Specifically in family therapy, the therapist might help the family consider how society has created roles and expectation for them.
34
Q
Feminist – Role of the Therapist
A
- The therapist is an advocate for the family through helping them understand societal influence and regain power.
- Role examination and reshaping
35
Q
Constructivism
A
- Reality exists on the individual level
- Our experiences, beliefs, and behaviors determine how we view and interact with reality, thus reality is relative to individual circumstance and world view.
- Pathology is viewed not only as external circumstances, but also how the individual interacts with those circumstances. (SFT and Narrative)
36
Q
Psychoeducation – Historical Roots
A
- Was born out of Schizophrenia research
- Therapist attempted to help families cope with and minimize the symptoms of their schizophrenic relatives
37
Q
Psychoeducation – Therapeutic Effects
A
- Educate families
- Lower expectations to reduce pressure on the family to perform
- The primary goal is to improve quality of life and improve functioning as opposed to curing the illness.
- Looks very similar to structural family therapy
38
Q
EFT
Theoretical Basis
A
- EFT is based on the theory of attachment, and posits that psychopathology and relational issues stem from attachment difficulties and disruptions.
- Emotions are thought to be language through which we communicate our attachment needs.
- Accessing one’s emotions is essential for resolving attachment related issues.
- The Quality of early attachment determines the quality of later attachment unless remediated through earned attachment relationships.
39
Q
EFT
Behavioral Disruption
A
- Pathology occurs due to insecure attachment styles and a lack of met attachment needs.
- Emotions are used to communicate attachment needs; however, many of us are unaware of or repress our attachment needs and history.
- This causes us to mask our true emotional needs (secondary emotions) with primary emotions (e.g. anger covering up fear).
- Doing so creates negative interaction cycles in which we lash out a others in inappropriate ways due to a lack of knowledge regarding our own needs.
40
Q
EFT
Therapy
A
- Break Negative Interaction Cycles through validating emotions and needs behind emotions.
- Create new ways to get needs met
41
Q
EFT Negative Interaction Cycles
A
- Pursue, distance, withdraw, attack
42
Q
EFT
Therapy Stages
A
- Assessment and Deescalation: Partners share their perception of the relationship and negative interaction styles are identified.
- Restructuring the Interaction: Access underlying feelings and needs of behavior. reframing behavior in this way allows partners to see the positive intention in the other.
- Consolidate New Positions: Reinforce new interactional patterns and differentiate from old ones.
43
Q
EFT
A
- Short-term: 8-15 sessions
- Shifts back and forth from intrapsychic experience and current experience
44
Q
Gottman
Knowledge about partner/map
A
- Knowledge of one’s partner is essential for being able to care for them.
- Basic to complex
- Built through daily attempts at connection, avoiding compartmentalization, communication, and acting on one’s knowledge
45
Q
Gottman
Keeping sight of the positive
A
- Both good and bad happen in relationships, but what you look for determines what you see
- Improving your attitude is the fastest way to improve your marriage
- Effort to see the positive is needed
- Acknowledge your partner and appreciate them
46
Q
Gottman
Turning Towards – Small Acts
A
- Couples connect in little ways continuously
- This involves acting on the knowledge/partner map
- Bids for connection
47
Q
Gottman
We-ness
A
- facing things as a marital unit
- agreement and collaboration
- prioritization of the marital unit
48
Q
Gottman
4 patterns of couples disasters
A
- Rejecting or fighting the influence of your partner
- Harsh startups
- Failed repair attempts
- Inability to compromise
49
Q
Gottman
2 horsemen
A
- contempt
- criticism
- stonewalling
- defensiveness
50
Q
Gottman
Avoidance of Gridlock
A
- 70% of issues that couples argue about will never go away
- It’s matter of picking you battles
- find areas of compromise, identify negotiable areas
51
Q
Bowenian
Key Concepts
A
- Differentiation of self
- Multigenerational transmission process
- Family Projection
52
Q
Bowenian
Problem Dynamic
A
- Emotional reactivity
- Triangles
- Cut offs and Enmeshments
53
Q
Bowenian
Goal
A
- Differentiation from family of origin
- De-Triangluation
- Balance autonomy and family relationships
54
Q
Bowenian
Therapy
A
- Genogram
- Process Questions
- De-Traingualtion
55
Q
Structural
Key Concepts
A
- Subsystems
- Boundaries
- Hierarchies
56
Q
Structural
Problem Dynamic
A
- Enmeshment or Disengagement
- Diffuse or rigid boundaries
- Lack of flexibility
- No defined hierarchy
57
Q
Structural
Goal
A
- Clarify or Create boundaries
- Strengthen executive subsystem
- Reinforce family hierarchy
- Balance of flexible and rigid boundaries
58
Q
Structural Techniques
A
- Enactment
- Balancing
- Joining
- Boundary making
- Confrontation
- Accommodation
59
Q
SFT
Key Concepts
A
- Constructionism
- Language shapes the problem
60
Q
SFT
Problem dynamic
A
- Problem talk
- Ignoring positive
- ignoring exceptions
61
Q
SFT
Goal
A
- Highlight exceptions to problem
- Reinforce solution focused language
- Do more of what has worked
62
Q
SFT
Techniques
A
- miracle question
- exceptions
- scaling question
