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Drilling Final Mods 6-11 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

0
Q

Why is cementing essential to any oil and gas well?

A
  • Support casing
  • Protect the well
  • Isolate the well
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1
Q

List the common hole problem that may be encounters during conventional cementing ops.

A

Collapse

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2
Q 
The main difference between Portland and natural cement is:
A) temperature
B) location
C) raw material
D) all of the above
A

C) raw material

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3
Q

List 3 physical properties of cement that can measured in a cementing lab or calculated?

A
  • density
  • yield
  • thickening time
  • gel strength
  • viscosity
  • compressive strength
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4
Q 
What prevents the cement from going back into the casing once it is pumped out of the float shoe?
A) casing shoe
B) top plug
C) float collar
D) guide shoe
A

C) float collar

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5
Q

What role do scratchers play in cementing?
A) help to clean the hole from the wall cake
B) protect the wall
C) remove the mud cake
D) a & c

A

D) a & c

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6
Q

Name 2 companies that handle cementing ops?

A
  • Halliburton
  • Schlumberger
  • Baker Hughes
  • Trican
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7
Q 
In high temperature and pressure environments, which class of cement would you use?
A) class D
B) class C
C) class J
D) all of the above
A

C) class J

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8
Q

Define shoe track in casing/cementing ops?

A

Look up real answer

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9
Q 
For casing surface hole in normal requirements, what are your options for cement?
A) class G or F
B) class G or B
C) class H or G
D) class A or G
A

D) class A or G

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10
Q

Define primary cementing.

A

Primary cementing is the first cement job performed on the well.

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11
Q

Define secondary cementing.

A

Secondary cementing is a cement squeeze job completed to repair bad cement jobs.

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12
Q

Why should a safety factor be added to the thickening time?

A

To ensure the cement doesn’t set before it is completely in place and out of the wellbore. Setting inside the casing can lead to disaster.

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13
Q

What class of cement is most commonly used in the oilfield?

A

Class G

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14
Q

How much excess cement slurry volume is required to cement surface casing?

A

100% excess.

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15
Q

What does ECD stand for?

A

Equivalent Circulating Density

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16
Q

How much excess cement slurry volume is required to cement intermediate, production casing and liners?

A

50% unless there is a calliper log, then it is 20%.

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17
Q

What does ESD stand for?

A

Equivalent Static Density

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18
Q

Define Newtonian fluids.

A

Fluids that pass thru the 0 point of a shear rate vs shear stress graph, therefore has a yield point of 0. (ie. brine, water, diesel)

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19
Q

Define non-Newtonian fluids.

A

Fluids that do not pass thru the origin of a shear rate vs shear stress graph. They can be linear or curved lines. Yield point >0 (ie. drilling mud)

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20
Q

Name 2 uses of casing string.

A
  • Prevent hole cave-in

- Restricting the production to the wellbore

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21
Q

In regular circumstances where no high pressure formations are encountered close to surface, which casing string would the BOP equipment be installed on?

A

Surface casing

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22
Q

What is the major difference between liner and casing?

A

Casing extends all the way to surface, liner is hung from somewhere near the middle and is tied to another casing string (not to surface).

23
Q

Given a choice of connections and the only factor differentiating them being cost, which type of connection would you choose?

A

Short rounded

24
Q

When strength of the connection is the most important factor, which connection type would you pick?

A

Extreme line

25
Q

Name the 3 forces that the casing should be able to withstand.

A
  • collapse
  • burst
  • tension
26
Q

Which failure mechanism can result from a cement squeeze job?

A

Collapse, as it creates an area of high pressure differential.

27
Q

What secondary force acts while passing thru a dogleg?

A

Bending force acts on the casing.

28
Q

Name the 3 most common causes of casing failure.

A
  • shear
  • collapse
  • corrosion
29
Q

What can cause the casing to collapse?

A

Casing can collapse if it is run in a hole full of mud without the casing being filled with the same mud to balance the pressure differential.

30
Q

Which test is carried out til the formation breakdown?

A

LOT - Leak Off Test

31
Q

What is the most accurate way of determining the pressure gradient?

A

LOT is the most accurate test since it is measured rather than estimated.

32
Q

At what curing temperature, the compressive strength of all classes of neat cement cured under pressure, will decrease?

A

At curing temp of ~93C or greater, the comp strength of nearly all classes of cement cured under pressure will decrease.

33
Q

What is the range of specific gravity of Portland cement?

A

Varies between 3.10 and 3.25 depending on the raw materials used at manufacture.

34
Q

Which plug has a hollow centre, the top or bottom plug?

A

The bottom plug, has a rupture disc to allow the slurry thru the casing shoe and up the annulus.

35
Q

Nozzle velocity is a maximum when the pressure drop available at the bit is a…

A

…maximum.

36
Q

Frictional loss is a minimum when the flow rate is a…

A

…minimum.

37
Q

Which parameter is more important: jet impact force or hydraulic horse power?

A

Neither has a great difference in application.

38
Q

Explain the term kick as it relates to well control.

A

A kick is the influx of unwanted fluids into the wellbore. Entry of enough formation fluids into the wellbore to exert pressure in the well.

39
Q

Explain the difference between hydrostatic pressure and formation pressure?

A

Hydrostatic is the pressure of a fluid standing still.
Formation is the pressure created when the hydrostatic pressure increases, pushing on the porous rock. (or something like that)

40
Q

Name 2 causes of a kick.

A
  • the mud weight pressure is less than the formation pressure
  • not keeping the hole full when pulling the drill string out
  • pulling out of the hole too fast (swabbing)
  • running in drill pipe too fast (surging)
41
Q

Name 2 signs that a kick has occurred.

A
  • drilling break (abnormal pressure)
  • increase in rotary torque
  • gas-cut mud (gas bubbles in mud return)
  • connection and trip gas
  • change in mud properties (increase in viscosity and Cl content)
42
Q

In case of a drill pipe inside the wellbore, which BOP would you use to trap the pressure? With no drill pipe in the wellbore?

A

Pipe rams would be used with the drill string in conjunction with Hydril.
With no pipe, blind rams.

43
Q

Which type of BOP would you find at the top of the BOP stack?

A

Hydril would be at the top.

44
Q

What equipment provides the hydraulic power to the BOP?

A

Accumulator unit.

45
Q

With the well shut in, the reading of pressure at the drill string is known as what?

A

SIDPP (Shut In Drill Pressure)

46
Q

With the well shut in, what is the pressure reading at the casing called?

A

SICP (Shut In Casing Pressure)

47
Q

How many circulations are required in the driller’s method?

A

2 separate and complete circulations.

48
Q

Why is it necessary to evaluate the well?

A

To determine the presence of HC, deems it successful or not.

49
Q

Which common methods are used to evaluate the well?

A
  • wireline logging
  • LWD logging
  • coring
  • testing
50
Q

What wireline measurements are made for determining the formation properties?

A
  • gamma ray
  • density
  • porosity
  • resistivity
  • sonic
51
Q

Name 2 reasons for running LWD.

A
  • real-time decisions are required

- un-invaded data is required of the formation fluids

52
Q

Having run all the logs, why would it still be necessary to run a test of the formation?

A

Measurements of pressure and flow rate are still crucial to determine the size of the find.

54
Q

What does BWOC stand for?

A

By Weight Of Cement

55
Q

What does CRTCF stand for?

A

Collapsed Rating Tension Reduction Factor

Drilling Final Mods 6-11 (2 decks)

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