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Anatomy 4 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors?

A

Blood level of a hormone
Nervous stimuli
Blood level of glucose
Blood level of an ion-like potassium

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2
Q

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of

A

ADH - Antidiaretic hormone

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3
Q

Growth hormone does all of the following

A

promotes bone growth
is glucose sparing
promotes muscle growth
promotes amino acid uptake by cells

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4
Q

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?

A

increased oxygen consumption
increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation
increased heart rate
increased body temperature

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5
Q

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of

A

Hypothyroidism

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6
Q

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

A

Calcitonin

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7
Q

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

A

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

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8
Q

The zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex produces

A

glucocorticoids

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9
Q

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is

A

glucagon [cortisol]

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10
Q

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

A

insulin

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11
Q

The interstitial cells of the testes produce

A

testosterone

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12
Q

The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is

A

inhibin

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13
Q

Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of

A

progesterone

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14
Q

Which of the following is not an action of estrogen?
stimulate bone growth
maintains accessory reproductive organs
mimics the symptoms of menopause
initiates repair of the endometrium
maintains female secondary sex characteristics

A

mimics symptoms of menopause

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15
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics…

A

May develop in response to testosterone

May develop in response to estrogen

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16
Q

The functional unit of the urinary system is the

A

nepron

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17
Q

T/F: A pressure gradient for filtration is created as the afferent arteriole is of larger diameter than the efferent arteriole within renal corpuscle?

A

True

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18
Q 
Filtrate contains all of the following except
Water
Erythrocytes
Glucose
Urea
A

Erythrocytes

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19
Q

Which stage of urine formation involves 99% of the filtrate moving back into blood?

A

Reabsorption

20
Q

T/F: Aldosterone has an effect on increasing sodium reabsorption in the nephron which causes water retention thereby increasing blood pressure.

A

True

21
Q

Most reabsorption of filtrate takes place at the

A

proximal convoluted tubule

22
Q

Excess H+ ions are deposited in to the urine during which stage of urine formation?

A

secretion

23
Q

Urine is primarily composed of

A

water

24
Q

What is the formula for net filtration pressure?

A

NFP = BCOP - (CFP + GBHP)

25
Q

T/F: Changes in net filtration pressure affects GFR, filtration stops if GBHP drops functions normally with mean arterial pressures 80 - 180

A

True

26
Q

How does air enter the respiratory ‘tree’?

A

Primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > bronchioles > terminal broncioles > respiratory bronchioles > alveolar ducts > alveoli

27
Q

A function of type 2 alveolar cells is to

A

produce surfactant

28
Q

What are the principal muscles of inspiration?

A

diaphragm and external intercostals

29
Q

T/F: Boyles Law states: If the size of a closed container increases, the pressure within the closed container decreases; if the size of a closed container decreases, the pressure within the closed container increases

A

True

30
Q

When the pressure in the lungs is greater than atmospheric pressure, —- occurs

A

Expiration

31
Q

What is the volume of air present in the lungs after forceful respiration?

A

Residual volume

32
Q

Carbon dioxide is transported by which mechanism?

A

combined to hemoglobin

33
Q

T/F: If blood carbon dioxide levels increase, then blood pH will decrease

A

True

34
Q

T/F: External Respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and tissues

A

False (Internal Respiration)

35
Q

The tidal volume is the

A

volume of air moved in and out of the lungs in a single quiet breath

36
Q

During swallowing, the nasal cavity is closed off by the soft palate and the…

A

uvula

37
Q

The process of mastication results in

A

mechanical mixing of food with saliva and shaping of food into a bolus

38
Q

The regular contractions of the muscularis that push food through the entire gastrointestinal tract are know as

A

peristalsis

39
Q

The salivary enzyme amylase functions to digest

A

carbohydrates

40
Q

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach changes pepsinogen into — for the breakdown of —

A

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach changes pepsinogen into pepsin for the breakdown of proteins

41
Q

Intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells of the stomach is required for

A

absorption of vitamin B12

42
Q 
Gastric emptying is stimulated by all of the following except:
distention of the stomach
gastrin
CCK 
partially digested proteins
the vagus nerve
A

???

43
Q

The intestinal enzyme that functions to digest fat is

A

lipase

44
Q

The pancrease, perfectly capable of digesting itself, functions as:

A

Both an endocrine and an exocrine gland

45
Q 
Which of the following has the lowest pH:
saliva
gastric juice
pancreatic juice
bile
intestinal juice
A

gastric juice (most acidic)

Anatomy 4 (11 decks)

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