Final 2015 Flashcards
Situations in which the requirements of interdependence are unknown are situations of _____________.
vague interdependence
______ are sets of expected behaviors.
Roles
_______ are rules for behavior in a situation.
Norms
________ are forces that attract people to each other in a situation.
Relationship cohesiveness
The _______ ‘self’ is our belief about our unique personal traits, abilities, preferences, tastes, talents, etc.
Individual
The ________ ‘self’ is our beliefs about our identities as members of social groups to which we belong.
Collective
_________ are cognitive structures, derived from past experience, that represent a person’s beliefs and feelings about the self in particular domains.
self-schemas
The ________ ‘self’ is our beliefs about our identities in specific relationships.
Relational
3 Principles of Human Social Life:
- humans are constantly searching for safety in interdependence.
- for humans, certain forms of interdependence are experienced as safe.
- As we search for safety, we have to adapt to a situation of vague interdependence.
Learning the basic features of situations makes our social world ________ and makes us feel competent and ______. This gives us _______ _______ _____ to interdependence.
predictable; safe; primary group orientation
What kind of social motivation is set in motion by situations of vague interdependence?
motivation to find a role for self.
Vague interdependences causes _______ about response interference.
tension
3 characteristics of Primary Group Orientation:
- script for how good interdependence is set up and how we fit into that good interdependence.
- result of lessons learned
- Exogenous
A kind of faulty thinking by highly cohesive groups in which the critical scrutiny that should be devoted to the issues at hand is subverted by social pressures to reach consensus.
Groupthink
_____ is unselfish behavior that benefits others without regard to consequences for the self.
altruism
A motive for helping those in distress that may arise from a need to reduce our own distress.
Personal distress
___________ is giving assistance to someone in need on the part of those who have witnessed an emergency.
Bystander intervention
If we have any chance of being in a real and healthy relationship we must develop ____________ knowledge
authentic-self
when we are honest with ourselves about our strengths and limitations we call that _________________. This also requires that we make ourselves vulnerable.
authentic-self knowledge
_________are the things we know about ourselves.
self-concept
________ is our evaluation of those things we know about ourselves.
self-esteem
What are 3 ways we develop knowledge of the self?
- looking-glass self
- rely on reflected appraisals
- in what situations does the self influence behavior
What are two major ways to think about the “self”?
- self as knower(actively experiencing an event) or the “I”
2. Self as known (the self we experience when we become the object of our own observation) or the “ME”
_______ theory is the theory that the individual has unwittingly constructed about themselves.
Self
Leary & Baumiester (2002) said that ______ is an internal psychological monitor of something that is very important to people (ie. social belongingness).
monitors how people react and the quality of an individuals actual relationships
the self
The __________ system is made up of those cognitive processes that serve to reduce the vast amount of info that floods most peoples lives (to avoid overload).
Cognitive Economic
The _____________ theory say that we are motivated to keep components consistent with each other.
Cognitive Consistency
Cognitive ________ is the belief that the self is a cognitive shortcut (meaning to summarize someone or something)
Heuristics - or the intuitive mental operation that allows us to make a variety of judgments quickly and efficiently.
_________ theory says that elements in an inconsistent relation to each other creates psychological tension.
Dissonance (LEON FESTINGER, 1957)
the greater the psychological dissonance the greater the pressure to reduce that dissonance - its painful
Two Attributional Goals:
- to predict how the other person will behave interpersonally
- to gauge whether their attitude toward the relationship matches ours.
What are the 2 cognitive biases that arise in the attribution process?
- Fundamental attribution error
2. actor-observer difference
_____is the tendency to explain our own behavior in situational terms and the behavior of our partner whom we observe in dispositional terms.
Actor-observer difference
______is the general tendency to discount situational causes and emphasize dispositional causes as influences on another persons behavior.
Fundamental attribution error
Six steps toward the management of Interference:
- find time to discuss issue as a dyad
- admit your own tendencies (honest self disclosure)
- listen for your partners strengths and weaknesses
- Be reasonable
- work toward agreeable behavioral strategies (turn-taking)
- Not all dyads are viable
____________ is the idea that group behavior is a system of reciprical interactions between groups and individuals.
Group Dynamics
According to the text, what are the group dynamics of the bystander intervention?
Helping behavior
_________ occurs when a group faced with a stressful decision becomes more concerned with reaching a unanimous agreement that with evaluations the facts of the situation.
Groupthink
Three conditions that lead to groupthink:
- provocative situation
- structural faults in communication.
- usually a cohesive group of decision makers
_____ & ________ (1970) created a model of helping behavior in emergency situations.
Latane; Darley
3 stages of the Attribution Process:
- observation of an action
- judgment of intention
- dispositional attribution (find a label for their disposition)
_____ is a negative attitude of affective response toward a certain group and its individual members.
Prejudice
Situations of Vague Interdependence are characterized by:
Being outside the normal flow of your interdependent interactions and by being without clear roles, norms and relationship cohesiveness.
____________ causes us to face the “Who am I?” question.
Interdependent Tension
Leary & Baumiester describe 2 ways the self system functions:
- designed to monitor and respond to how other people are reacting to us (positively or negatively) (CL)
- monitors the quality of an individuals actual and potential relationships (to the degree to which others value the relationship w/ the individual) (CLalt)
