Final 20 Flashcards
Type 1 rapid hypersensitivity
Atopic allergy. Most common IeG antibody class Anaphylaxis Allergic asthma Allergies to specific antigens
Type 2: cytotoxic
Reaction of IgAntibody made by immune system
Directed against one or more of individuals own proteins
Allergic rhinitis
Hay fever Airborne allergens Plant Mild Dust Animal Wool Food Pollution
First exposure to allergen
IeG binds to surface of basophils and mast cells
These cells have vasoactive amines (histamines)
Once this happens, person is sensitized to that allergen
Elevated lymphocytes
Viral
Elevated neutrophils
Bacterial
Eosinophils
1-2%
Patch test
Reserved for contact dermatitis
Food diary
If skin testing is not conclusive, then do a food diary
IgE
<100
Decongestants
Cause vasoconstriction of inflamed tissue, reducing EDEMA
No glaucoma
No urinary retention
No hypertension
Decongestant example
Sudafed
Antihistamine
Block histamine from binding to receptor
Prevents vasodilation and capillary leak
Antihistamine examples
Benadryl
Claritin
Zyrtec
Allegra
Corticosteroids
Decrease inflammation
Prevent synthesis of mediators
Mast cell stabilizing drugs
Prevent mast cell from opening when an alllergen binds to IgE
Nasalcrom
Leukotriene anatagonist
Manage and prevent rhinitis
Singular
Desensitization therapy
Allergy shots
Cannot be avoided
Penicillin allergy
Cephalosporin allergy?
Banana or avocado allergy
Latex allergy?
Examples of type 2
Immune hemolytic Anemia Immune thrombocytopenia outputs Hemolytic transfusion reaction Goodpastures syndrome Drug induced hemolytic anemia
Plasmapheresis
Filtration of the plasma to remove specific substances
Type 3 immune complex reactions
Formation of large and small immune complexes
Lupus
RA
Circulating complexes usually lodge in
Kidneys
Skin
Joints
Small blood vessels
RA
Type 3 Immunicomplexes lodge in joint spaces Scarring Fibrous changes Tissue destruction
Lupus
Immune complexes lodge in vessels causing vasculitis
Glomeruli
Arthritis
Type 4
Sensitized T cell from previous exposure
Release chemical mediators and macrophages
Hours to days
Type 4 example
TB test Poison ivy Contact dermatitis Tissue transplant rejections Sarcoidosis
Lupus clinical manifestations
Butterfly rash Polyarthritis Osteonectrosis Muscle atrophy Fever fatigue Renal Pleural effusion Pericarditis Raynaud's phenomenon Abdominal pain Neurological manifestation
SLE
Chronic progressive inflammatory connective tissue disorder- major organ failure
Exacerbation
SLE patho
Complexes invade organs directly or cause vasculitis, cutting off O2 supply
—–kidneys——
DLE
Affects skin only
SLE PLaquenil
Decreased absorption of UV light.
Skin lesions
Frequent eye exams
SLE chronic steroid treatment
Methotrexate
Azathioprine
SLE first drug approved in 60 years
Belimumab (benlysta)
