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Astronomy Final (Fall 2024) > Final - 2 > Flashcards

Final - 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which is of the following is NOT a property of terrestrial planets:

A) they are small
B) they are close to the sun
C) they have few moons
D) they are gaseous

A

they are gaseous

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2
Q

What is the largest mass a white dwarf can have?

A) 100M
B) 2M
C) 1.4M
D) 0.08M

A

1.4M

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3
Q

The luminosity classes of stars A,B,C,D are I, II, III, V , respectively. Which star lies on the main sequence?

A

D (V)

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4
Q

What does the Butterfly Diagram show:

A) the magnetic field strength of the sun over time
B) suns rotation over time
C) number of sunspots on the face of the sun over time
D) location of the sunspots on the face of the sun over time

A

location of the sunspots on the face of the sun over time

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5
Q

Which of the following white dwarfs has the smallest radius?

A) 1 solar mass
B) 0.8 solar mass
C) 1.3 solar mass

A

1.3 solar mass

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6
Q

At what lunar phase do Neap tides occur?

A) New
B) Half
C) Full

A

Half

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7
Q

Two stars have the same spectral type but different radii. This means:

A) they have the same composition
B) they have different temperatures
C) they have different luminosities
D) the have different colors

A

they have different luminosities

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8
Q

What’s the luminosity of a star?

A) total energy output per square meter
B) total energy output per sq. meter per unit time
C) total energy
D) total energy output/unit time

A

total energy output/unit time

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9
Q

During a stars time on the main sequence, which of the following comments is true?

A) stars core is slowly being turned into helium
B) stars core is slowly being turned into hydrogen
C) stars core stays the same

A

stars core is slowly being turned into helium

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10
Q

What is the lower mass limit for stars on the main sequence?

A) 1M
B) 0.5M
C) 0.2M
D) 0.08M

A

0.08M

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11
Q

In hydrostatic equilibrium what two forces are matched?

A) Gravity and Electromagnetism
B) Friction and Pressure
C) Gravity and Nuclear Force
D) Gravity and Pressure

A

Gravity and Pressure

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12
Q

What is a solar cycle?

A) the life history of the sun
B) life history of solar sunspot
c) the rotation of the sun

A

life history of solar sunspot

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13
Q

What is a good estimate for the temperature of the solar photosphere?

A) 5800K
B) 1000K
C) 10 million K
D) 0K

A

5800K

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14
Q

What happens in the proton-proton chain?

A) Helium breaks down to form hydrogen
B) 2 hydrogen atoms combine to form a helium atom
C) 4 hydrogen atoms combine to form a helium atom and energy
D) large atoms are broken down into smaller atoms releasing energy

A

4 hydrogen atoms combine to form a helium atom and energy

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15
Q

What was the dominant constituent of the Solar Nebula out of which the solar system was formed?

A) Rocks
B) Hydrogen and hydrogen compounds
C) Helium and helium compounds
D) Iron

A

Hydrogen and hydrogen compounds

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16
Q

Sunspots are usually…

A) much cooler than their surroundings
B) much hotter than their surroundings
C) same temperature as their surrounding
D) have a varying temperature

A

A) much cooler than their surroundings

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17
Q

Which of the following is true for stars in a globular cluster?

A) all at the same distance
B) all have the same temperature
C) all have the same mass
D) all at the same distance and have the same age

A

all at the same distance and have the same age

18
Q

A star is moved to be three times as far away. What happens to the brightness and luminosity?

A) both stay the same
B) both decrease by factor of 3
C) luminosity stays the same, brightness decreases by a factor of 9

A

luminosity stays the same, brightness decreases by a factor of 9

19
Q

A stars radius is doubled and its temperature is doubled. What happens to its luminosity?

A) stays the same
B) increases by a factor of 4
C) increases by a factor of 64

A

increases by a factor of 64

20
Q

What force became distinct at time of 10^-34s?

A) Gravity
B) Strong Nuclear
C) Electromagnetic

A

Strong Nuclear

21
Q

Why must a high mass star be hot at the center?

A) higher temps create higher pressure to combat lower gravity
B) high mass stars can have low temps at the core
C) higher temps create higher pressures to combat higher gravity

A

C) higher temps create higher pressures to combat higher gravity

22
Q

Which of the following is NOT true for upper main sequence stars?

A) burn hydrogen to helium via CNO cycle
B) radiative cores and convective envelopes
C) have higher masses

A

radiative cores and convective envelopes

23
Q

The time the sun spends on the main sequence is 10 billion years. How much time does a star with 10 times the solar mass and 50 times the solar luminosity spend on the main sequence?

A) same time
B) 5 billion years
C) 2 billion year

A

2 billion year

24
Q

What is the minimum mass a star can have?

A) 0.001 solar masses
B) 0.08 solar masses
C) 0.1 solar masses

A

0.08 solar masses

25
Q

How do low mass stars end their life?

A) Red Giants
B) White Dwarfs
C) Black Hole

A

White Dwarfs

26
Q

What is happening in the sub-giant phase?

A) hydrogen shell burning starts
B) helium core burning starts
C) carbon core burning starts

A

hydrogen shell burning starts

27
Q

What shape are planetary orbits?

A) circles
B) ellipses
C) spirals

A

ellipses

28
Q

What is the eccentricity of a circle?

A) 10
B) 1
C) infinity
D) 0

A

0

29
Q

With Hubble’s law, if I triple the distance of the galaxy, what happens to its recession velocity?

A) stays the same
B) doubles
C) triples

A

triples

30
Q

What spectral type and luminosity class is the sun?

A) A1 I
B) B6 III
C) G2 V

A

G2 V

31
Q

A star has a parallax of 0.001 seconds of arc. How far away is it?

A) 1000 parsecs
B) 1000 AU
C) 1000 light years

A

1000 parsecs

32
Q

Which of the following stars, given their spectral types is the reddest

A) 01
B) G2
C) M3
D) B5

A

C) M3

33
Q

What is a circumpolar star?

A) stays close to the north pole star
B) always stays above the horizon
C) always stays at the same latitude

A

always stays above the horizon

34
Q

If I double the mass of earth and double its radius, what happens to its escape velocity?

A) stays the same
B) goes up by a factor of 4
C) goes up by a factor of 2

A

stays the same

35
Q

When the moon appears to completely cover the sun (solar eclipse), the moon must be at which phase?

A) New
B) Full
C) First Quarter

A

New

36
Q

Which of the following is an absolute quantity?

A) luminosity of the sun
B) speed of light
C) laws of physics
D) both speed of light and laws of physics

A

both speed of light and laws of physics

37
Q

What is a rough estimate for the gravitational mass of the Milky Way?

A) a billion solar masses
B) 10^10 solar masses
C) 10^11 solar masses

A

10^11 solar masses

38
Q

If the Earth’s orbit around the Sun were changed to be a perfect circle about the Sun so that the Earth’s distance to the Sun never changed, but its tilt was the same, how would this affect seasons on Earth?

A) There would be no seasons
B) Difference between seasons much more noticeable
C) Experience seasons in the same way we do now

A

C) Experience seasons in the same way we do now

39
Q

When did the big bang occur?

A) 12 billion years ago
B) 13.8 billion years ago
C) 12 million years ago

A

13.8 billion years ago

40
Q

Jim and John are twins. Jim stays on Earth and John goes away on a spaceship flying at 0.5c. When John returns, 10 years have passed by for Jim. How much time has passed by for John?

A) 4.33 years
B) 8.66 years
C) 10 years

A

8.66 years

41
Q

Put the following stellar spectral types in temperature order starting with the hottest: I: M2, II: B7 Ill: 03
IV: 05

A) III, IV, II, I
B) IV, III, I, II
C) I, II, IV, III

A

A) III, IV, II, I

42
Q

Put the following stars (III,Ill<IV) apparent magnitude in order of how bright they appear in the sky starting with the faintest: I: 0, II:3, III:2, IV:-1

A) III,II,I,IV
B) II, III, I, IV
C) I, II, III, IV

A

B) II, III, I, IV

Astronomy Final (Fall 2024) (3 decks)

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