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Clinical Pathology > Final 1A > Flashcards

Final 1A Flashcards

1
Q

What disease presents with fever, jaundince, and intracranial calcifications?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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2
Q

What disease presents with skin rash, encephalitis, chorioretinitis, and hepatosplenomegaly?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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3
Q

What does TORCH stand for?

A 
Toxoplasma
Other - Syphilis, Varicella, HIV, HBV
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
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4
Q

What disease’s definitive host is the cat and can be transmitted from improper handling of cat litter?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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5
Q

What disease can be congenitally passed from handling or ingesting contaminated meat?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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6
Q

What can be diagnosed either by immunofluorescence assay or giemsa-stained tissue preps showing tachyzoites?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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7
Q

Toxoplasmosis can be diagnosed by immunofluorescence assay for what antibody?

A

IgM

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8
Q

What disease causes syphilitic osteochondritis and periostitis affecting bones causing saber shin and saddle-nose deformities?

A

Syphilis

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9
Q

Most common cause of congenital infection in the U.S. (TORCH)?

A

Cytomegalovirus

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10
Q

What TORCH diseases belong to the Herpes family?

A

Varicella-Zoster
Herpes
Cytomegalovirus

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11
Q

What TORCH disease has acidophilic nuclear inclusions (aka cowdry bodies)?

A

Congenital Herpes

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12
Q

What TORCH disease has multinucleated giant cells with prominent basophilic nuclear inclusions?

A

Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease

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13
Q

What TORCH disease can an infected woman trasmit the spirochete to her fetus after the 3rd month of pregnancy?

A

Congenital Syphilis

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14
Q

What is syphilis?

A

a spirochete disease

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15
Q

What are the different routes Cytomegalovirus can be transmitted?

A 
Sexually
Blood transfusions
Organ transplants
Infant urination
Placenta
Birth canal
Mother's milk
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16
Q

What is the most common congenital heart defect seen in congenital rubella syndrome?

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

17
Q

What are the major components of surfactant?

A

lecithin, sphingomyelin

18
Q

What are the pro-surfactant hormones?

A

Cortisol
Thyroxine
Prolactin

19
Q

What is the anti-surfactant hormone?

A

Insulin

20
Q

What is DES?

A

Diethylstilbesterol

21
Q

What is another name for DES?

A

morning after pill

22
Q

What does DES cause?

A 
cervical hood
T-shaped uterus
infertility
premature labor
associated with clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
23
Q

What drugs can cause auditory nerve toxicity leading to deafness?

A

Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

such as: Streptomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin

24
Q

What are the complications of using tetracycline in pregnancy?

A

permanently stained yellow teeth and hypoplasia of enamel

25
Q

Another name for Trisomy 21, 18, and 13?

A

21- Down syndrome
18 - Patau Syndrome
13 - Edward Syndrome

26
Q

What is the genetics of Cri Du Chat Syndrome?

A

deletion of short arm of chromosome 5

27
Q

What do infants have with Cri Du Chat Syndrome?

A 
meow-like cry
mental retardation
microcephaly
short fingers
depressed nasal bridge
round face
cleft palates
gut defects
28
Q

Deficiency in what vitamin is associated in neural tube defects?

A

folic acid

29
Q

General features of anencephaly?

A

absence of all or part of brain

more common in females

30
Q

Anencephaly an anterior or posterior neural tube defect?

A

anterior

31
Q

What is Area Cerebrovasculosa?

A

highly vascularized, poorly differentiated neural tissue

32
Q

Mildest form of Spina Bifida?

A

Spina Bifida Occulta

33
Q

What is Spina Bifida Occulta?

A

single vertebra fail to fuse, does not protrude, neural tube normal

34
Q

Name 4 types of Spina Bifida?

A

Spina Bifida Occulta
Spina Bifida with meningocele
Spina Bifida with meningocyelocele
Spina Bifida with Rachischisis

35
Q

Worst Spina Bifida?

A

Spina Bifida with Rachischisis

36
Q

What’s different between meningoencephalocele and meningocele?

A

Meningocele - spinal fluid and meninges protrude, but no neural protrusion or defects
Meningoencephalocele - everything protrudes and motor and lower nerve defects

37
Q

What classic karyotype is associated with 47 XXY

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

38
Q

Klinefelter syndrome best described as?

A

male hypogonadism

39
Q

Know that Klinefelter has a 50/50 chance of what?

A

maternal and paternal nondisjunction

Clinical Pathology (2 decks)

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