Final Flashcards
Physical vulnerability
Extent to which a geographical location is prone to hazards
Vulnerability
Extent individuals, group, pop are susceptible, prone, predisposed to impacts of hazards and disasters
Resilience
Ability to withstand disaster impacts and cope with impacts and recover ASAP
Social vulnerability
Susceptibility of social groups to the impacts of hazards and resiliency and the ability to recover
Money, poverty, socio economic status, gender, race
Methods of research
Field experiments
Field work methods: In depth interviews, observation(part/ non)
Collect archival materials
Disaster life cycle
Mitigation/ preparation Impact Emergency response Recovery Rehabilitation
CHE
Complex humanitarian emergencies.
Total breakdown of authority bc internal/ external conflict which demands an international response beyond capacity if single agency
Altruistic community
Alan Barton
Out of way for others
Unselfish, and obligation for welfare of others in disaster
Structural functionalism
Restore self to equilibrium, disasters temp disturb equilibrium and Social system. External help to restore. Focus on silver lining.
Bad- priceless stuff not calculated, health/ psychological consequences not adequately addresses
Silver linings
Function Of disasters
Agencies, organizations benefit from in long run.
Rebuilding retrofitting infrastructure.
Outside money flow to disaster site.
May stimulate local economy.
Producers outside effected area benefit and get their business.
Expose social problems with social structure-chronic poverty, racism
Normal accident theory
Charles perrow
Accidents inevitable in highly complex and tight couples tech systems
High reliability theory
Scientists from Berkeley
No room for error
High tech systems put high premium on reliability
Disaster incubation theory
Turner 1987 pidgeon
Diachronic element often overlooked by other perspectives
Ignored, misunderstood, not taken seriously
Swiss cheese model
James reason
Unsafe condition bc consequences of per existing imperfections
Corrosive community
Anthropogenic disasters
Anger, anxiety, frustration, uncertainty, loss of trust in gov institutions
Lead to conflict, litigation, stress that destroys community over time
Declaration of disaster zone
Stafford act- requests for declaration by pres be made by gov
- made through FEMA
- damage assessment made
Sources of toxic waste
Agriculture production- pesticides Industrial activities- cadmium Private households- asbestos, radon Military- radioactive E-Waste- lead, cadmium
Itai-Itai disease
Japan
Cadmium from runoff water of mine to water rice fields
Women skeletal demineralization, achy bones joints, fracture, deform
Minamata disease
Japan
Mercury
Methyl mercury into sea of minamata by chemical plant
Sensory impairment, impaired vision, narrow vision
Disasters without borders
Disaster in one location capable of triggering thousands of other events miles away.
Laki volcano eruption- lava and acid rain- Japan’s rice- 2 yr killed 6 mil
El Niño in Peru = drought in India/ Australia
Disaster cycle activities
Mitigation-structural and policy measures
Preparedness-planning, educational efforts, training
Impact-
Response-1st responders, search and rescue
Recovery-rebuilding, rehab
Local public sector role
1st to respond
Employ trained EMT, firefighters, police
Private sector
Long term medical care-paramedics, hospitals, clinics, mortuaries
Shelter-hotels
Nonprofit sector
Charitable agencies prohibited by law form gaining financially for services
Red Cross
Red Cross
Disaster health services
Mental health services
Family services
Mass care
ICRC
Internat committee of the Red Cross
Humanity-help in need
Impartiality-assist w/o discrimination
Neutrality-no preference towards side
Independence-autonomous according to laws of each nation
Voluntary service-not profit, charitable services
Unity-1 per country
Universality-all societies equally important
Low/ high level radiation exposure
High-acute kill that day
Low-chronic kill in the long term
Health problems associated
Injuries, death, drowning, blunt trama
Acute illnesses
Directly or indirectly causing illness in exposed pop.
Acute-exposure causes dermal, ocular irritation and burns
Poisoning-death
Gulf war syndrome
Neurological disorder from chemical agents in war
Acute stress disorder
Disaster amnesia
Disorientation after disaster
Chronic illnesses
Increase morbidity from chronic health conditions
PTSD-tech disasters, hybrid. Terrorism.
Elevated anxiety, distrust, fear, high stress
Social capital
Access to lifelines, network of social relationships that people can count on the help
Superfund
CERCLA
1980 after love canal
Authorizes gov to respond to toxic and hazardous material releases
Holds parties accountable for releases and liable to clean up and if can’t gov does
Determine # of inactive hazardous waste sites NPL
21% as of 2006
Precautionary principle
Scientific uncertainty about safety or potentially harm from chemicals or tech then manufacturers or decision makers should to everything possible to prevent harm
❎burden of proof falls on manufacturers
Sustainability
Using env. To meet our burner needs without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs
EJ
No one/ group bear disproportionate share of env. Hazards
Recognition of access to clean and healthy env. Is a basic right for everyone
Asbestosis
Non cancerous lung disease from asbestos
Agriculture st. Landfill
Reopened for hurricane Betsy and then redeveloped 1969
On NPL 1994 but not bought out by gov.
Tested showed over 100 toxic chemicals
-carcinogens, PCBs, lead
Bhopal, India
Worst industrial disaster 1985-neat shanty towns for plant location Path of least resistance MIC toxic gases over 25 sq miles 6,000 conservative death toll 15,00 Chronic conditions
Seveso, Italy
Wind blew from Meda to seveso
37,000 exposes
Chloracne, death, cancer, liver damage, birth defects, immune system dysfunction
Work wasn’t cancelled
Guiya, China
Lead exposure for kids 1-6 yrs old
Death, skin irritation, headache, nausea, vertigo, chronic gastritis, ulcers
E Waste and was rice fields
